1990—2019年中国居民道路交通伤害死亡水平和疾病负担变化趋势分析  

Changing trends in the death level and disease burden of road traffic injuries among residents in China,1990-2019

作　　者：夏小娟 贾秋萍 XIA Xiaojuan;JIA Qiuping(Jiangning District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanjing,Jiangsu 211100,China;The Second People’s Hospital of Jiangning District,Nanjing,Jiangsu 211103,China)

机构地区：[1]南京市江宁区疾病预防控制中心,江苏南京211100 [2]南京市江宁区第二人民医院,江苏南京211103

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2024年第11期1285-1290,共6页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：南京市江宁区科技惠民发展计划项目(2023095S)

摘　　要：目的 分析1990—2019年中国居民道路交通伤害死亡水平和疾病负担变化趋势,为预防与控制提供可参考的科学依据。方法 从2019全球疾病负担(Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, GBD 2019)数据库中获取1990—2019年中国居民道路交通伤害数据,分析其发生率、死亡率、伤残调整寿命年(disability adjusted life years, DALY)率、伤残所致的寿命损失年(years lived with disability, YLD)率和早死所致的寿命损失年(years of life lost due to premature death, YLL)率等指标,采用Joinpoint回归模型分析其变化趋势。结果 1990—2019年,中国居民道路交通伤害的标化发生率呈上升趋势(P<0.001),标化死亡率呈波动下降趋势(P<0.001),男性的发生和死亡水平每年均高于女性,发生率是女性的1.4~1.6倍,死亡率是女性的2.3~3.0倍。标化DALY率呈波动下降趋势(P<0.001),其中标化YLL率呈波动下降趋势(P<0.001),标化YLD率呈波动上升趋势(P<0.001),男性疾病负担水平每年也均远高于女性,标化DALY率、YLD率和YLL率分别是女性的2.0~2.7倍、1.3~1.6倍和2.1~3.0倍。死亡率随着年龄的增加而递增,与1990年相比,2019年≥70岁年龄组的死亡率有所上升,其他年龄组是下降的。DALY率、YLL率随着年龄的增加呈先上升后下降趋势,峰值在35~45岁;与1990年相比,2019年≥60岁年龄组的DALY率和≥70岁年龄组的YLL率是上升的,其他年龄组均有所下降。YLD率随着年龄的增加而递增,与1990年相比,2019年各年龄段的YLD率均有所增长,75~79岁年龄段增长幅度最大。结论 我国道路交通伤害导致的死亡和疾病负担总体是下降的,但仍处在较高水平,尤其是男性和老年人群的情况不容乐观,应继续有针对性采取行之有效的措施降低交通伤害的疾病负担。Objective To analyze the variation trends in the death level and disease burden of road traffic injuries among Chinese residents from 1990 to 2019,and to provide a scientific reference basis for the prevention and control.Methods The data regarding road traffic injuries in Chinese residents from 1990 to 2019 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019(GBD 2019)database.Indicators like the incidence rate,the mortality rate,the rate of disability adjusted life years(DALY),the rate of years lived with disability(YLD)and the rate of years of life lost due to premature death(YLL)were analyzed,and the changing trends were analyzed by Joinpoint regression model.Results The standardized incidence rates of road traffic injuries in Chinese residents during 1990-2019 showed an increasing trend(P<0.001),but the standardized mortality rates showed a fluctuating downward trend(P<0.001).The incidence and death level of road traffic injuries in each year were higher in males than in females,the incidence rates were 1.4-1.6 times higher than those of females,and the mortality rates were 2.3-3.0 times higher than those of females.The standardized DALY rates and the standardized YLL rates showed fluctuating downward trends(both P<0.001),while the standardized YLD rates showed a fluctuating upward trend(P<0.001).The disease burden of road traffic injuries in each year was significantly higher in males than in females,and the standardized DALY,YLD and YLL rates were 2.0-2.7 times,1.3-1.6 times and 2.1-3.0 times higher than those of females respectively.The mortality rates increased with advancing age.Compared with those in 1990,the mortality rate of the group aged≥70 years in 2019 increased,while the mortality rates of other age groups decreased.The DALY and YLL rates first increased and then decreased with advancing age,with the peak age of 35-45 years.Compared with those in 1990,the DALY rate in the group aged≥60 years and the YLL rate in the group aged≥70 years in 2019 increased,whereas those in the other age

关 键 词：道路交通伤害 死亡率 疾病负担 伤残调整寿命年 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学]