温度-速度场下摩擦副界面油液热驱蠕爬与润滑特性研究  

Migration-Lubrication Performance at Friction Pair Interfaces under Temperature-Velocity Fields

作　　者：邱浩[1] 沈瑞 戴庆文[1] 黄巍[1] 王晓雷[1] QIU Hao;SHEN Rui;DAI Qingwen;HUANG Wei;WANG Xiaolei(National Key Laboratory of Helicopter Aeromechanics,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Jiangsu Nanjing 210016,China;Hunan Aviation Powerplant Research Institute,Aero Engine Corporation of China,Hunan Zhuzhou 412002,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学直升机动力学全国重点实验室,江苏南京210016 [2]中国航发湖南动力机械研究所,湖南株洲412002

出　　处：《摩擦学学报(中英文)》2025年第1期67-80,共14页Tribology

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(3082023NS2023025);国家自然科学基金项目(51805252,52175172)资助。

摘　　要：热驱蠕爬(也称蠕爬,Migration)是指摩擦副界面油液不受外力作用,从高温区向低温区定向铺展的行为.在空间机构及精密仪器的滚动轴承中,润滑油蠕爬流失将导致摩擦阻力增大,进而影响机构的运行精度.由于摩擦和磨损在机械运动中是无法避免的,同时会伴随摩擦生热,而摩擦生热会引起摩擦副表面产生温度梯度,而运动副在空间极端工况下,液体润滑剂易受表面张力的影响,极小的温度梯度就会引起润滑剂的蠕爬流失.在现代机械工业领域,油液蠕爬流失问题常见于轴承中,工作时轴承滚道的温度较高,导致润滑剂向温度较低的滚道外围区域蠕爬流失,大大缩减了轴承寿命,导致机械设备润滑故障,降低了生产效率.对此,本文中以GCr15和Si_(3)N_(4)等典型滚动轴承球与304不锈钢平面构成的点-面接触摩擦副为研究对象,探索了温度梯度和界面运动协同作用下油液热驱蠕爬行为与润滑特性,研究了水平和竖直温度梯度作用下,干摩擦、硅油润滑以及引入不同方向温度梯度后摩擦力的变化规律,分析了滚子直径、滚子材料以及温度梯度方向对摩擦润滑性能的影响.引入了重力因素,探究了重力方向与温度梯度方向相同/相反条件下摩擦力的变化规律并观测了摩擦运动过程中接触角的变化规律.研究结果表明:在相同的试验条件下,不同直径的球摩擦力变化规律一致;当温度梯度垂直/平行于运动方向以及竖直时,会导致往返运动过程中摩擦力变化不一致,出现“对称”与“不对称”现象;当温度梯度方向与重力方向相同时,会加速硅油的热驱蠕爬;而当温度梯度方向与重力方向相反时,会对硅油的热驱蠕爬起到一定的抑制作用,进一步分析了热驱蠕爬方向对摩擦力的影响规律和接触角的变化规律.揭示了温度-速度场协同作用下界面热驱蠕爬与摩擦学行为差异产生的机制.论文的研究成�Thermally driven creeping(also known as creeping or migration)refers to the behavior in which lubricant spreads directionally from a high-temperature area to a low-temperature area at the friction interface without external forces.In the rolling bearings of space mechanisms and precision instruments,lubricant creeping and loss increase frictional resistance,which in turn affects the operational accuracy of the system.Friction and wear are inevitable in mechanical motion,and the heat generated by friction leads to the formation of a temperature gradient on the surface of the friction pair.In extreme operating conditions,liquid lubricants are easily affected by surface tension,and even a small temperature gradient can cause lubricant to creep and migrate.In modern mechanical industries,the problem of lubricant creeping loss is common in bearings.During operation,the high temperature of the bearing raceway causes the lubricant to creep and migrate to the lower-temperature outer regions of the raceway,significantly reducing the bearing's lifespan,leading to lubrication failures in mechanical equipment,and lowering production efficiency.This study used point-to-surface contact friction pairs consisting of typical rolling bearing balls made of GCr15 and Si_(3)N_(4) and a 304 stainless steel flat surface,exploring the thermally driven creeping behavior and lubrication characteristics of lubricants under the combined effects of temperature gradients and interface motion.The study examined the changes in friction force under horizontal and vertical temperature gradients,including dry friction,silicone oil lubrication and different temperature gradient directions.The impact of roller diameter,roller material,and temperature gradient direction on friction and lubrication performance was also analyzed.The study introduced gravity as a factor and investigated how friction force changed when the gravity direction aligned or opposed the temperature gradient direction.It also observed the variation in contact angle during fricti

关 键 词：温度梯度 热驱蠕爬 界面运动 润滑 接触角 

分 类 号：TH117.1[机械工程—机械设计及理论]