自由贸易与资源主权的博弈——印尼资源利用的经验与启示  

The Game between Free Trade and Resource Severeignty:The Experience and Inspiration from Resource Utilization in Indonesia

作　　者：潘玥 PAN Yue

机构地区：[1]暨南大学国际关系学院、华侨华人研究院,广州510632 [2]暨南大学印尼研究中心,广州510632

出　　处：《亚太经济》2025年第1期116-135,共20页Asia-Pacific Economic Review

基　　金：广东省社科规划2024年度常规项目“‘一带一路’背景下中国对印尼投资及其‘安全化’问题研究”(GD24YHQ01)。

摘　　要：在全球化背景下,发展中国家的资源利用面临自由贸易与资源主权之间的平衡问题。印尼是资源禀赋丰富的发展中国家,其资源主权政策备受关注。印尼针对镍矿、铝土矿、棕榈油、金矿等资源的利用策略,在实施出口禁令、“产业下游化”和倡议“镍矿欧佩克”等背景下尝试平衡资源主权与自由贸易、激发发展潜能并兼顾国内需求、提升附加值、参与全球贸易合作等的考量与举措,引发了如欧盟对印尼的起诉等国际反应,并对全球资源贸易产生影响。印尼的资源主权政策、实践与挑战,既为发展中国家提供了借鉴,也引发了对资源民族主义、贸易保护主义等问题的深入思考。对于主要大宗商品出口在经济中占战略份额的国家,复制印尼资源利用政策的风险较大,只有在价格强劲到足以弥补政策的机会成本时,贸易保护政策才具有可行性。In the context of globalization,developing countries face the challenge of balancing resource utilization between free trade and resource sovereignty.Indonesia,a resource-rich devel-oping country,has garnered significant attention for its resource sovereignty policies.This study examines Indonesia's strategies for utilizing resources such as nickel ore,bauxite,palm oil and gold.By analyzing the implementation of export bans,"downstream industry"policies and the initiative for a"Nickel OPEC,"the research explores Indonesia's attempts to balance resource sovereignty with free trade,stimulate development potential and address domestic needs,enhance value addi-tion as well as participate in global trade cooperation.These measures have triggered international reactions,such as the European Union's lawsuit against Indonesia and have had an impact on global resource trade Indonesia's resource sovereignty policies,practices and challenges provide valuable insights for developing countries and prompt further reflection on issues such as resource national-ism and trade protectionism.For countries where major commodity exports make up a strategic economic share,replicating Indonesia's resource utilization policies entails significant risks.Trade protection policies are feasible only when commodity prices are strong enough to offset the oppor-tunity costs of such policies.

关 键 词：发展中国家 资源利用 自由贸易 资源主权 印尼 

分 类 号：F831[经济管理—金融学]