城市落户门槛、社会网络与农民工就业渠道  

Threshold of Urban Hukou Registration, Social Networks and Employment Channel of Rural-urban Migrants

作　　者：刘启超 王亚华[2,3] LIU Qi-chao;WANG Ya-hua(National Academy of Economic Strategy,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences 100006;School of Public&Management,Tsinghua University 100084;China Institute for Rural Studies,Tsinghua University 100084)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院财经战略研究院,100006 [2]清华大学公共管理学院,100084 [3]清华大学中国农村研究院,100084

出　　处：《上海经济研究》2025年第2期93-104,共12页Shanghai Journal of Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“大城市农民工的同乡聚居研究:动态演化、形成机制与市民化效应”(项目编号:72404168);国家社会科学基金重点项目“数字时代背景下推进农业农村现代化的战略、机制与政策研究”(项目编号:22AZD050)的阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：以亲缘、地缘等为纽带的社会网络是农民工实现就业的重要渠道。本文在社会互动模型基础之上,构建城市落户门槛内生化的城市劳动力市场均衡模型,理论阐释了城市落户门槛影响农民工借助社会网络渠道实现就业的机理。在理论模型基础之上,基于城市落户门槛指数和中国流动人口动态监测调查数据,进行了实证检验。研究发现,城市落户门槛会显著提高农民工在就业过程中对社会网络渠道的依赖,且上述影响会因农民工获取工作信息能力的提升而减弱。机制分析表明,城市公共就业服务的非均等化是城市落户门槛影响农民工借助社会网络渠道实现就业的重要原因。具体而言,在以户籍为标尺提供差异化公共服务的条件下,城市落户门槛的提高会造成农民工难以同等地享受公共就业服务,此时农民工会依赖社会网络渠道获取就业支持,以弥补城市公共就业服务的不足。本文为不同落户门槛的城市从就业角度因地制宜地制定人口政策,提供了理论参考和经验证据。Social network based on kinship and geographic ties has become an important channel for rural-urban migrants to get a job. This paper builds an equilibrium model of labor market with urban Hukou registration threshold, analyses theoretically the mechanism that the threshold of urban Hukou registration affects rural-urban migrants' employment through social network channels. In addition, based on the China Hukou Registration Index and the data of China Migrants Dynamic Survey, this paper empirically studies the effect. It is found that the threshold of urban Hukou registration will significantly increase the probability of rural-urban migrants' employment through social network channels. The effect will be weaken, when rural-urban migrants' ability to obtain work information is improved. The mechanism analysis shows that the non-equalization of urban public employment services is an important mechanism that the threshold of urban settlement affects the employment of rural-urban migrants through social network channels. Specifically, under the condition of providing differentiated public services based on Hukou, the improvement of the threshold of urban Hukou registration will make it difficult for rural-urban migrants to enjoy public employment services timely. At this time, rural-urban migrants will tend to obtain employment support through social network channels to make up for the lack of urban public employment services. This paper provides theoretical reference and empirical evidence for cities with different threshold of Hukou registration to formulate population policies from the perspective of employment.

关 键 词：城市落户门槛 公共就业服务 农民工 社会网络 就业渠道 

分 类 号：F241.4[经济管理—劳动经济]