应用矿物基复合材料控制水环境污染:性能、机制与功效  

Application of Mineral-Based Composite Materials for Aquatic Environmental Pollution Control: Properties, Mechanisms and Performances

作　　者：刘子森[1] 李勇 张义[1] 周巧红[1] 田熙科[2] 吴振斌[1,3] 王焰新[3] Liu Zisen;Li Yong;Zhang Yi;Zhou Qiaohong;Tian Xike;Wu Zhenbin;Wang Yanxin(State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;School of Material Science and Chemistry,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430078,China;School of Environmental Studies,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430078,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所,淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [2]中国地质大学材料与化学学院,湖北武汉430078 [3]中国地质大学环境学院,湖北武汉430078

出　　处：《地球科学》2025年第1期1-18,共18页Earth Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(Nos.32201384,31830013,U20A2010)。

摘　　要：矿物基复合材料融合了矿物材料的特性和复合材料的优势,因其独特的功效而成为生态环境研究领域的热点,已被广泛应用于水环境质量提升的工程实践中.综述了矿物基复合材料的结构与性能提升方法,包括酸/碱刻蚀、热活化改性、表面改性及金属纳米颗粒负载改性,并探讨了其高效固定/去除水环境中重金属、有机及无机污染物的机制,包括吸附作用、催化反应及其与水体微生物和水生植物等水生生物的联合作用.矿物基复合材料可以通过强化生物生态修复,促进水生植物生长,增强微生物多样性,从而进一步改善水环境质量.总结了矿物基复合材料在水环境治理中的工程应用案例,并强调了未来重点研究方向,评估其在不同水质环境下的效能及长期影响,探索与先进技术的最佳联合应用,优化生产工艺和材料成本.Due to the coupled effects of the properties of minerals and the advantages offered by composite materials,mineral-based composite materials have exhibited unique performances and attracted significant attention in the field of eco-environmental studies with extensive applications in improving water quality.This paper reviews various methods for enhancing the structure and properties of mineral-based composites materials,including acid/alkali etching,thermal activation modification,surface modification,and metal nanoparticle load modification.The mechanisms of these materials in effectively fixing/removing heavy metals,organic and inorganic pollutants in the aquatic environmental pollutants include adsorption,catalytic reactions,and synergistic effects with aquatic organisms such as microorganisms and aquatic plants.Mineral-based composite material plays a vital role in advancing biological ecological restoration,promoting the growth of aquatic plants,and enhancing microbial diversity.And the paper summarizes application cases of mineral-based composite materials in water environment restoration and management,and emphasizes the focus of future research on assessing their performance and long-term effects in different water quality environments,exploring best approaches of their joint application with other advanced techniques,and optimizing their manufacturing processes and material costs.

关 键 词：矿物基复合材料 性能提升 污染控制机制 水环境质量提升 工程应用 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]