南海海盆海山形态特征的定量化和无监督聚类分析  

Quantification and Unsupervised Clustering Analysis of Morphological Characteristics of Seamounts in South China Sea Basin

作　　者：邓达振 赵阳慧 Bryan Riel 高金耀 方银霞 Deng Dazhen;Zhao Yanghui;Bryan Riel;Gao Jinyao;Fang Yinxia(Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences,Second Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,Hangzhou 310012,China;School of Earth Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部海底科学重点实验室,自然资源部第二海洋研究所,浙江杭州310012 [2]浙江大学地球科学学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《地球科学》2025年第1期217-233,共17页Earth Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2023YFC2808805);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(No.QNYC2301);国家自然科学基金项目(No.42276082)。

摘　　要：不同的火山喷发模式形成的海底火山在形态上存在差别,但由于缺乏有效方法,两者之间的关系仍不清晰.创新性地运用机器学习聚类分析法,基于高分辨率多波束水深数据,对南海海盆中的海山地形开展多维的形态参数量化分析,并对其结果进行无监督式聚类研究.结果表明,南海海盆中共发育三类海山:类型Ⅰ,体积大、坡度陡、底盘圆的大型孤立海山;类型Ⅱ,体积大、坡度缓、底盘长的大型线状海山;以及类型Ⅲ,体积小、坡度缓、底盘椭圆的小型海山.类型Ⅰ和Ⅱ位于东部次海盆洋中脊区,类型Ⅰ高耸的海山形态代表了活跃且快速的喷发模式,类型Ⅱ的平缓形态代表了缓慢且喷发物质流动性更强的火山活动,类型Ⅲ沿着转换断层及远离东部次海盆的洋中脊区,代表了缓慢且不强烈的火山活动.本文定量证实了不同构造背景下形成的海山形态具有普遍规律;针对海山形态学建立的聚类分析新方法,可为获得大量岩石学信息之前研究火山喷发模式提供新思路.Morphological differences are evident among submarine volcanoes formed by varying eruption patterns.However,their interrelationship remains elusive due to methodological constraints.This study innovatively employs machine learning clustering analysis on high-resolution multibeam bathymetry data to quantitatively evaluate the morphological parameters of seamounts in the South China Sea Basin.The analysis discerns three distinct seamount types.TypeⅠ:large,isolated seamounts characterized by significant volume,steep slopes,and rounded bases.TypeⅡ:large,linear seamounts with substantial volume,gentle slopes,and elongated bases.TypeⅢ:smaller seamounts with limited volume,gentle slopes,and elliptical bases.TypeⅠandⅡseamounts are primarily found in the mid-ocean ridge zone of the eastern sub-basin.The pronounced morphology of TypeⅠsuggests an active and rapid eruption regime,whereas TypeⅡ's subdued form indicates slower volcanic activity with more fluidic lava flows.Conversely,TypeⅢ,situated along the transform faults and distant from the mid-ocean ridge of the eastern sub-basin,signifies less intense volcanic activities.This research establishes a foundational understanding that seamount formations under distinct tectonic backgrounds follow general morphological patterns.The novel clustering approach proposed here offers fresh perspectives for probing volcanic eruption patterns,especially when extensive petrological data is not available.

关 键 词：海山形态 火山喷发模式 南海海盆 聚类分析 机器学习 海洋地质学 

分 类 号：P738.5[天文地球—海洋地质]