《民法典》第153条的逻辑与续造  

On the Logic and Application of Article 153 of the Civil Code in China

作　　者：黄忠[1,2] HUANG Zhong

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学创新型国家建设法治研究院 [2]西南政法大学

出　　处：《中国法律评论》2025年第1期105-124,共20页China Law Review

基　　金：2024年司法部法治建设与法学理论研究部级科研项目“构建中国自主民法学知识体系的方略研究”(24SFB2016)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《民法典》第153条第1款并不蕴含“原则无效、例外有效”的结论。在违法民事法律行为效力的判断中,应接受比例原则的指引,而不宜将第153条第1款第1句中的“强制性规定”限定在“法律、行政法规”和公法的强制性规定中。从根本上讲,公序良俗(社会公共利益)才是导致民事法律行为无效的终局理由,故《民法典》第153条第1款的适用应受第2款的指导。个案中,法官既要妥当运用《民法典》第153条第1款第2句,尽量缓和不当干预,充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用;又要担负维护法秩序统一的重任,更好维护市场秩序、纠正市场失灵,避免私人行为对社会公共利益的不当损害,从而切实平衡好自由与强制之间的关系。The first paragraph of Article 153 of the Civil Code does not imply a logic of principle of invalidity,exception of validity".In determining the effectiveness of illegal civil acts,the principle of proportionality should be followed,and the"mandatory provisions"in the first sentence of Article 153(1)should not be limited to"laws,administrative regulations,"and public law mandatory provisions.Fundamentally,public order and good morals constitute the definitive reasons for denying the effectiveness of civil legal acts.Therefore,the application of Article 153(1)of the Civil Code should be constrained by paragraph 2.In specific cases,judges should appropriately apply the second sentence of Article 153(1)of the Civil Code to prevent excessive intervention,while also fulflling the responsibility of maintaining unified legal order and preventing private actions from excessively harming public interests,thus effectively balancing the relationship between private autonomy and state intervention.

关 键 词：《民法典》第153条 无效 私法自治 强制性规定 公序良俗 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]