论《民法典》第153条第1款中的“强制性规定”  

Mandatory Provisions in Article 153,Paragraph 1 of the Chinese Civil Code

作　　者：蔡睿 CAI Rui

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所

出　　处：《中国法律评论》2025年第1期125-143,共19页China Law Review

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“公私法互动视角下的违法合同效力研究”(24BFX044);中国民法学研究会青年学者研究项目“违法合同的效力评价与无效类型”(2017MFXH001)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“区分说”主张《民法典》第153条第1款中的“强制性规定”不包括“权限规定”,这一学说起源自德国,其产生有历史和现实方面的原因。“区分说”被引入我国以来,渐成有力之势。然而,我国学者对“区分说”存在不少误解,“权限规定”本质上仍在于限制意思自治,并且“区分说”还存在概念错位、缺乏精确区分标准等问题,后者成为“区分说”的“阿喀琉斯之踵”。《民法典》第153条第1款中的“强制性规定”,宜坚持“统一说”立场,对其作广义理解,不过应将抽象视角修正为具体视角。“统一说”不仅可避免烦琐无解的概念操作,还具有提供裁判依据、增大合同效力评价弹性、防止法律规避三大优势。《合同编通则司法解释》第18条宜理解为对特别法优先适用规则的声明,而非对“区分说”的采纳。The"distinction theory"advocates that the"mandatory provisions"in Article 153(1)of the Chinese Civil Code do not include"authority provisions"This theory originated in Germany and has historical and practical reasons for its emergence.Since the introduction of the"distinction theory"in China,it has gradually become a powerful force.However,there are many misunderstandings among Chinese scholars about the"distinction theory",The essence of the"authority provisions"still lies in restricting autonomy of will,and the"distinction theory"still has problems such as conceptual dislocation and lack of precise differentiation standards,which have become the"Achilles heel"of the"distinction theory".The"mandatory provisions"in Article 153,Paragraph 1 of the Chinese Civil Code should be interpreted broadly based on the unified theory",but the abstract perspective should be revised to a specific perspective.The unified theory"not only avoids tedious and unsolvable conceptual operations,but also has three major advantages:providing normative basis,increasing the flexibility of contract effectiveness evaluation,and preventing legal evasion.Article 18 of the Interpretation of the General Principles of the Contract Section of the Chinese Civil Code should be understood as a declaration of the priority application rules of special laws,rather than the adoption of the"distinction theory".

关 键 词：强制性规定 权限规定 区分说 统一说 私法自治 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]