论违反强制性规定的合同效力——从狭义无效到多元效力规制  

On the Effectiveness of Contracts Violating Mandatory Provisions:From Narrow Invalidity to Pluralistic Effect Regulation

作　　者：于程远 YU Chengyuan

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院

出　　处：《中国法律评论》2025年第1期144-156,共13页China Law Review

基　　金：2024年度教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金“内容、动机二元结构视角下法律行为动机规制体系研究”(24YJC820056)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：在《合同编通则司法解释》第16条颁布实施的背景下,效力性规定/管理性规定的二分法已经逐渐无力解释违反强制性规定合同的效力问题,应当在动态系统论的框架下建立起违反强制性规定合同的多元效力规制体系,在有效与狭义无效之外灵活运用部分无效、向后无效、效力待定等效力模式,实现对违反强制性规定合同效力的多元规制。这一规制方式既符合比较法上的发展趋势,也可以为我国《民法典》第153条第1款容纳。《民法典》第153条第1款的但书在文义上为多元效力规制提供了在解释论层面展开的基础。多元效力规制是以民法为本位对公法强制性规定目的再评价的结果,《民法典》第153条第1款授权法官在有效与狭义无效之外选择适当的方式实现公法上强制性规定的目的。Under the background of the promulgation and implementation of Article 16 of the Judicial Interpretation of the General Principles of Contracts of the Civil Code,the dichotomy of validity provisions/administrative provisions has gradually become incapable of explaining the validity of the contract in violation of mandatory provisions.We should establish a pluralistic effect regulation system for contracts that violate mandatory provisions under the framework of dynamic system theory,and flexibly use the effectiveness models such as partial invalidity,backward invalidity,and undetermined effectiveness in addition to effective and narrow invalidity,so as to realize the pluralistic regulation of the effectiveness of contracts that violate mandatory provisions.This regulation method not only conforms to the development trend of comparative law,but also can be accommodated by Article 153,paragraph 1,of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China.The proviso in the frst paragraph of Article 153 of the Civil Code provides a textual basis for the interpretative expansion of pluralistic effect regulation.This pluralistic effect regulation is the result of a re-evaluation of the objectives of public law mandatory provisions from a civil law perspective.Article 153,paragraph 1,of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China authorizes judges to choose appropriate ways to achieve the purpose of mandatory provisions in public law in addition to being valid and invalid in a narrow sense.

关 键 词：强制性规定 动态系统 部分无效 向后无效 效力待定 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学]