非物质劳动与资本主义时间统治的金融基础  

Immaterial Labor and the Financial Foundation of Capitalist Temporal Domination

作　　者：谢亚洲 黄涛 Xie Yazhou;Huang Tao

机构地区：[1]兰州大学马克思主义学院 [2]兰州大学哲学社会学院

出　　处：《山东社会科学》2025年第1期51-64,共14页Shandong Social Sciences

摘　　要：在哈特和奈格里看来,非物质劳动已经取代了工业劳动,在后工业经济中占据着主导地位。这种具有“直接抽象性”的非物质劳动溢出了工厂的固定工作日,带来了“可度量性危机”,即价值无法再用社会必要劳动时间来度量。这使得资本主义价值规律和致力于把握它的马克思劳动价值论通通失效了,而金融资本的崛起则是资本主义对此危机的回应。实际上,马克思之所以如此强调价值的社会必要劳动时间尺度,正是为了揭示资本主义劳动所特有的由交换中介的回溯性社会化,而后者指向了资本主义私人生产的虚拟性。这在逻辑上就要求有一个“无中生有”的资本主义“开端”:银行系统对生产的融资开启了从生产到交换的劳动抽象过程,并使得争夺“超额剩余价值”的资本家通过技术和组织革命,将各自的具体劳动过程置于虚拟的抽象时间(关联着交换事后建构的社会必要劳动时间)的规训之下。就此而言,由数字技术支撑的数字泰勒制是施加资本主义时间统治的强大武器,它将非物质劳动置于“数字工厂”之中,从而可以解决其所带来的“可度量性难题”。According to Antonio Negri and Michael Hardt,immaterial labor has replaced industrial labor and now dominates the post-industrial economy.The immaterial labor,which is"immediately abstract",extends beyond the fixed working day of the factory and brings about a"crisis of measurability",i.e.,value can no longer be measured in terms of socially necessary labor-time.This sparks the redundancy of the capitalist law of value and Marx's labor theory of value which conceptualizes it,and the rise of finance capital is capitalism's response to this crisis.Indeed,the reason why Marx put so much emphasis on the socially necessary labor-time measure of value is precisely to reveal the retroactive socialization mediated by exchange that characterizes capitalist labor,which points to the fictitious nature of capitalist private production.This logically requires a"beginning"of capitalism"ex nihilo":the financing of production by the banking system initiates the process of abstraction of labor from production to exchange,and allows capitalists competing for"extra surplus value"to subject their concrete labor processes to a fictitious abstract time(associated with the ex post socially necessary labour-time constructed by exchange)through the technological and organizational revolutions.In this regard,the digital Taylorism,underpinned by digital technology,is a powerful weapon in the imposition of capitalist temporal domination,placing immaterial labor within the"digital factory"and thus solving the"problem of measurability"that it poses.

关 键 词：马克思 可度量性危机 非物质劳动 时间 金融 

分 类 号：F014.2[经济管理—政治经济学]