子女数量对女性就业质量的影响——基于CFPS2020的实证分析  

The Impact of the Number of Children on Women's Employment Quality:An Empirical Analysis based on CFPS 2020

作　　者：宋全成[1,2] 熊方洲 Song Quancheng;Xiong Fangzhou

机构地区：[1]山东大学哲学与社会发展学院 [2]山东大学移民研究所

出　　处：《山东社会科学》2025年第1期136-146,共11页Shandong Social Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“宗教信仰与流动人口的社会融入研究”(项目编号:13JJD730002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：以往研究主要关注子女数量对女性收入这一单一维度的影响,本文则重在探究子女数量对女性劳动者就业质量的多维影响,以更全面地理解并有效降低母职惩罚效应。基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)2020年的数据,采用熵值法构建了涵盖主客观两个层面的就业质量指数,并通过OLS回归实证分析了子女数量对女性就业质量的影响。研究发现:子女数量的增加会显著降低女性的就业质量;子女数量的增加提高了女性的劳动强度,同时降低了女性的工作稳定性和社会保障参与比例,子女数量对女性主观就业质量的影响不显著。异质性分析发现:子女数量对女性就业质量的惩罚效应在35岁以上、未受过高等教育、在体制外工作、秉持“男主外女主内”性别分工观念、农村户籍的女性群体中更为严重。因此,如何提高女性就业的工作稳定性和社会保障参与率、关注子女数量对不同群体女性就业质量影响的差异性,以及如何建立完善的幼儿社会支持和照料体系,仍需深入研究。While previous studies have focused more on the impact of the number of children on women's income,this paper explores the impact of the number of children on the multidimensional employment quali-ty of female workers,in order to more comprehensively understand and effectively reduce the motherhood penalty effect.Based on the data from China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)in 2020,this paper constructs an employment quality index covering both subjective and objective levels using the entropy method,and empirically analyses the impact of the number of children on women's employment quality using OLS re-gression.The study shows:the increase in the number of children significantly reduces the women's em-ployment quality;the increase in the number of children increases women's labor intensity,and decreases their job stability and social security participation ratio.The impact of the number of children on women's subjective employment quality is not significant.Heterogeneity analysis shows that the penalty effect of the number of children on women's employment quality is more severe in the group of women who are over 35 years old,have no higher education,working outside the system,hold the concept of"male master outside and female master inside"gender division of labor,and have rural household registration.Therefore,it is still necessary to conduct in-depth research on how to improve the job stability and social security participa-tion ratio of women's employment,how to pay attention to the group internal differences in the impact of the number of children on the employment quality of employed women,and how to establish a comprehensive social support and care system for young children.

关 键 词：子女数量 女性就业质量 母职惩罚 群体差异 

分 类 号：C924.21[社会学—人口学] F249.2[政治法律—政治学] D442.65[政治法律—国际共产主义运动]