基于Hertz接触应力的钢轨打磨廓形设计方法  

Design method of rail grinding profile based on Hertz contact stress

作　　者：陈迪来 孙庚辰 陆晨旭 王军平 李培刚 宋瑞 CHEN Dilai;SUN Gengchen;LU Chenxu;WANG Junping;LI Peigang;SONG Rui(School of Railway Transportation,Shanghai Institute of Technology,Shanghai 201418,China;China Railway General Operation and Maintenance Technology Co.Ltd.,Beijing 100071,China;China Railway Test&Certification Center Limited,Beijing 100081,China;Standards&Metrology Research Institude of China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]上海应用技术大学轨道交通学院,上海201418 [2]中铁物总运维科技有限公司,北京100071 [3]中铁检验认证中心有限公司,北京100081 [4]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司标准计量研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中南大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期794-806,共13页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：上海市科学技术委员会启明星计划项目(22YF1447600);上海市“一带一路”中老铁路工程国际联合实验室项目(21210750300);上海应用技术大学协同创新基金资助项目(XTCX2024-07)。

摘　　要：为缓解钢轨易出现磨耗加剧、接触应力过大等问题,提出一种以优化轮轨接触应力为目标的廓形设计方法。基于Hertz接触应力理论,建立接触应力与钢轨曲率半径的联系。以轮轨最大接触应力作为优化对象,计算当前轮轨间最大接触应力和最大接触应力处的钢轨曲率半径。依据当前最大接触应力确定理想接触应力及钢轨廓形优化区间,改变当前接触点处的钢轨曲率半径使应力趋近理想接触应力,继而反推出优化钢轨廓形。建立车辆-轨道耦合系统动力学模型,从静态轮轨几何接触关系、钢轨磨耗预测和车辆动力学等角度评判钢轨廓形设计方法的优劣。研究结果表明:与标准60轨相比,优化后轮轨接触点分布更加均匀,等效锥度和最大接触应力分别降低30.0%和15.8%;钢轨顶面磨耗和轨距角处的磨耗量有所减少,轨顶面和轨距角处平均磨耗深度分别减少4%和24%;轮轨间横向蠕滑力减小,纵向蠕滑力均减小,有利于缓解轮轨间的滚动疲劳接触并降低钢轨磨耗速率,磨损指数最大值减小21.9%;轮轨间横向力和垂向力基本保持一直,且车辆动力学性能整体得到优化。基于Hertz接触应力的钢轨打磨廓形设计方法具有一定的优越性和适用性,可为钢轨廓形的打磨设计方法的进一步优化提供参考。To alleviate the issues of accelerated rail wear and excessive contact stress,a profile design method aimed at optimizing wheel-rail contact stress was proposed.Based on Hertz contact stress theory,the relationship between contact stress and rail curvature radius was established.The maximum wheel-rail contact stress was taken as the optimization target,and the current maximum contact stress and the rail curvature radius at the point of maximum contact stress were calculated.Based on the current maximum contact stress,the ideal contact stress and the optimization range for the rail profile were determined.The rail curvature radius at the current contact point was adjusted to make the stress approximate the ideal contact stress,and the optimized rail profile was then derived through reverse calculation.A dynamic model of the vehicle-track coupling system was established,and the rail profile design method was evaluated from the perspectives of static wheel-rail geometric contact relationships,rail wear prediction,and vehicle dynamics.The results show that,compared to the standard 60 rail,the distribution of wheel-rail contact points is more uniform,with equivalent conicity and maximum contact stress reduced by 30.0%and 15.8%,respectively.The average wear depth on the rail top surface and the gauge corner is reduced by 4%and 24%,respectively.The lateral creep force between the wheel and rail is decreased,and the longitudinal creep force is also reduced,which helps to improve rolling fatigue contact and rail wear characteristics,with the maximum wear index reduced by 21.9%.The lateral and vertical forces between the wheel and rail remain largely unchanged,and the train's curve-passing performance is maintained,while the overall vehicle dynamics are optimized.In conclusion,the rail grinding profile design method based on Hertz contact stress demonstrates certain advantages and applicability,which can provide a reference for further optimization of rail grinding design methods.

关 键 词：Hertz接触应力 钢轨轮廓设计 曲率半径 车辆动力学 钢轨磨耗预测 多体动力学 

分 类 号：U216.4[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]