关于越南共产党内部“北方派”“南方派”问题的讨论  

Northern and Southern Factions Within the Communist Party of Vietnam

作　　者：赵卫华 Zhao Weihua(Fudan University,Shanghai,200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学国际问题研究院,上海200433 [2]复旦大学中国周边研究中心 [3]《中国周边外交研究》

出　　处：《东南亚纵横》2025年第1期18-30,共13页Crossroads:Southeast Asian Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(24AGJ014);上海市哲学社会规划课题(2023ZGJ001)。

摘　　要：随着中美战略竞争的加剧和越南国内政局的发展演变,越南因其重要的战略地位以及令人瞩目的发展模式日益引起中国社会各界的关注。一些中国学者习惯使用“北方派”“南方派”二元对立的分析框架来认知和解读越南,实际上,这样的分析框架并不能完全、客观地反映当前越南国内的现实情形,近来越南政局的显著变动更是有力地说明了这一点。越南共产党在历史上确有“北方派”“南方派”的分野,但这是特殊历史时期的产物,其名称在不同时期有着不尽相同的特定含义,并不能简单地理解为字面上的地域关系。越南南北统一后,随着南北融合的加深,“北方派”“南方派”已经成为历史现象。之后,越南共产党内部的派系更多是因为政策理念和利益差异所致,与政治人物南北地域的区分并没有必然联系。近年来,尽管中越关系持续向好,2023年,两党两国领导人还就共同构建具有战略意义的中越命运共同体达成了高度共识,但上述局面并不受以美国为首的域外西方大国欢迎,它们依然时刻企图分化和破坏中越关系。在这样的背景下,如何准确认识越南国内政治权力结构和力量对比、维护好中越关系持续稳定发展依然是一项长期而艰巨的任务。继续以“北方派”“南方派”的框架来观察和分析越南国内政局和中越关系,不仅难以做出正确的判断,无法维护中越关系的良性发展,还会造成决策失误,甚至对国家利益造成严重危害。With the intensification of strategic competition between China and the United States and the development of Viet‐nam's domestic political situation,Vietnam is arousing the increasing attention of China due to its important strategic position and remarkable development model.Some Chinese scholars tend to use the binary analysis framework of the Northern and Southern factions to understand and interpret Vietnam,which differs greatly from the actual situation.And this is illustrated even more forcefully by the recent significant changes in Vietnam's political dynamics.In history,there have been a division between the Southern and Northern factions among the Vietnamese Communist Party(CPV),but both were products of special historical peri‐ods and their names had special meanings in different periods,which cannot be simply understood as literally regional relations.With the deepening integration of North and South Vietnam after the unification,the two factions have become completely histori‐cal phenomena.They have much more to do with the differences in policies and interests rather than the geographical location of political figures.As China-Vietnam relations have continued to improve,the leaders of both countries and parties also reached a high level of consensus on jointly building a China-Vietnam community with a shared future that carries strategic significance in 2023,however,this situation is not welcomed by the Western powers led by the United States as they continue to attempt to di‐vide and undermine the China-Vietnam relations.Hence,it is still a long-term and arduous task to accurately understand the po‐litical power structure and the balance of forces in Vietnam and maintain the sustained and stable development of the relations be‐tween the two countries.Continuing to observe and analyze the situation in Vietnam and Sino-Vietnamese relations within the framework of the Northern and Southern factions not only makes it difficult to make correct judgments and maintain the sound development of th

关 键 词：越南共产党 “北方派” “南方派” 中越关系 中美战略竞争 

分 类 号：D333.3[政治法律—政治学] D822.333.3[政治法律—国际共产主义运动]