国际开放获取发展的现状、问题与反思  

Current Status,Issues,and Reflections on Development of International Open Access

作　　者：刘俊 张昕 颜帅 刘筱敏[2] 张铁明 LIU Jun;ZHANG Xin;YAN Shuai;LIU Xiaomin;ZHANG Tieming(Society of China University Journals,100083,Beijing,China;National Science Library,Chinese Academy of Sciences,100083,Beijing,China;Journal Center of the Department of Social Services and Integrated Studies,Beijing Forestry University,100083,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]中国高校科技期刊研究会,北京100083 [2]中国科学院文献情报中心,北京101190 [3]北京林业大学社会服务和综合研究部期刊中心,北京100083

出　　处：《数字出版研究》2025年第1期1-14,共14页DIGITAL PUBLISHING RESEARCH

基　　金：中国科协科学技术创新部“《中国开放获取科技期刊目录》编制”(项目编号:2023KJQK014)。

摘　　要：梳理开放获取(OA)历经20余年发展的现状发现,金色OA成为主导开放获取快速发展的模式,且论文处理费(APC)近年来持续上涨;开放获取标准规范在全球实践中达成共识,但各利益相关方之间博弈不均衡;开放获取实践区域化特征显著,欧洲居全球领先地位;科研人员对于开放获取的认知程度还不高,科研界、期刊界对于开放获取的研究报告从定性深入到对方向和目的的探讨。开放获取在内部张力和外部环境的共同作用下,逐渐显露出公平性、垄断性、质量与诚信、商业模式可持续性问题,已经出现了以学术社区主导取代当前商业模式的呼声。国际开放获取出版商协会(OASPA)、S联盟(cOAlition S)、国际科学理事会(ISC)等国际组织对当前开放获取的突出问题进行反思,针对如何抑制APC、如何建立学术社区、如何重构科学出版原则等问题发布相关报告,提出具体指导原则或建议。本文认为,国际开放获取可持续发展需要在商业化和公益性之间找到平衡点,需要国际相关单位深度协同与合作。After more than 20 years of development,open access(OA) has shown the following characteristics:gold OA has become the domination driving the rapid development of OA,and article processing charges(APC) have been rising continuously in recent years;OA standards and norms have reached a global consensus in practice,but the game among stakeholders are imbalanced;OA practice has distinct regional characteristics,with Europe leading globally;the awareness of OA among researchers is still relatively low,and research reports on OA from the scientific and journal communities have deepened from qualitative analysis to direction and purpose discussions.Under the combined influence of internal tensions and external environment,issues around OA are gradually revealing,including fairness,monopolization,quality and integrity,and the sustainability of business models.There have already been calls for replacing current business mode with academic community leading mode.International organizations such as the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association(OASPA),cOAlition S,and the International Science Council(ISC) have reflected on the prominent issues in current OA.They have published relevant reports proposing specific guiding principles or suggestions on how to curb APCs,establish academic communities,and reconstruct principles of scientific publishing.This paper argued that sustainable development of international OA needs to find a balance between commercialization and public interest,which requires in-depth collaboration and cooperation among relevant international entities.

关 键 词：开放获取 金色OA 利益博弈 APC 学术社区 科技期刊 预印本平台 

分 类 号：G230.7[文化科学] G237.5