大云山汉墓墓葬用材的鉴定与分析  

Identification and analysis of buried wood in Dayunshan Han Tomb

作　　者：窦晓蝶 何林 翟胜丞[1,2] 潘彪 DOU Xiaodie;HE Lin;ZHAI Shengcheng;PAN Biao(College of Materials Science and Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学材料科学与工程学院,南京210037 [2]南京林业大学江苏省林业资源高效加工利用协同创新中心,南京210037

出　　处：《林业工程学报》2025年第2期51-59,共9页Journal of Forestry Engineering

基　　金：科技部科技基础资源调查专项(2023FY101402)。

摘　　要：对大云山汉墓1号墓(M1)、车马陪葬坑2号坑(K2)及7号坑(K7)出土,取自内、外棺、椁和陪葬器皿的71个木、竹器样品进行了鉴定和分析。鉴定以木材解剖法为主,对于使用木材解剖法无法鉴定到属的样品辅以木材GC-MS指纹图谱法。结果表明:M1内、外棺用材为梓木(Catalpa sp.),黄肠题凑及部分棺椁结构如侧板、立柱等用材均为楠木(Phoebe sp.);K2、K7木椁用材均为楠木。陪葬器皿中,编钟架用材为楠木和梓木,马车不同部位的用材有杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)、桑木(Morus sp.)、青檀(Pteroceltis tartarinowii)、榆木(Ulmus sp.)、楠木及竹子,木俑用材为梓木,兵器柄用材有柘木(Maclura tricuspidata)、锥木(Castanopsis sp.)、石楠(Photinia sp.)和竹子。此墓葬中,M1棺用材主要为梓木,椁用材主要为楠木;K2、K7椁用材为楠木。棺、椁选材比较单一,具有高度一致性,表明M1墓主人的社会等级较高,这与考古人员推定M1墓主人诸侯王的身份相符;陪葬器皿用材种类较多,不同用途的陪葬器皿选材不同。这种因材施用表明,西汉时期人们对木材的性能了解和利用达到了较高水平。Wood identification as a research tool for studying funerary wooden objects can provide a scientific foundation for developing restoration and preservation programs for various wooden cultural relics.When creating artefacts,the ancients selected different wood species according to the intended use of the objects,often choosing locally available wood or considering other relevant factors.In this study,the identification and analysis of wood and bamboo utensils from the coffins and funerary objects excavated from Tomb No.1(M1),Pit No.2(K2)and Pit No.7(K7)at the Dayunshan Han Tombs were conducted using the wood dissection method.For species that could not be identified to the genus level through wood dissection alone,the analysis was supplemented with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer(GC-MS)fingerprinting.The results revealed that the material used for the coffins in M1 was Catalpa sp.,while the materials used for the Huangchang Ticou and other tomb structures,such as side panels and columns,were Phoebe sp.The wooden coffins in K2 and K7 were made of Phoebe sp.Among the funerary objects,the materials used for the bell frame were Phoebe sp.and Catalpa sp.,and the materials used for different parts of the carriage were Cunninghamia lanceolata,Morus sp.,Pteroceltis tartarinowii,Ulmus sp.,Phoebe sp.and bamboo,and the wooden figurines were made of Catalpa sp.,and the materials used for weapon handles were Maclura tricuspidata,Castanopsis sp.,Photinia sp.and bamboo.In this tomb,M1 coffins were mainly made of Catalpa sp.,and the outer coffins were mainly made of Phoebe sp.;the outer coffins of K2 and K7 were made of Phoebe sp.The choice of materials for coffins and outer coffins was relatively homogeneous and highly consistent,reflecting the high social status of the tomb owner,which aligns with the archaeologists assumption that the tomb belonged to vassal king.The variety of materials used for funerary objects,and the selection of specific wood species for different purposes,demonstrates that people during the Western

关 键 词：大云山汉墓 棺椁 陪葬器皿 木竹器 用材鉴定与分析 

分 类 号：S781.1[农业科学—木材科学与技术]