基于等效代换法激光切削桦木极速燃烧特性的研究  

Study of rapid combustion characteristics of laser-cut birch wood based on the equivalent substitution method

作　　者：李庆增 赵昊民 赵洪刚[1] 王卿平 齐华春[1] 刘明利[1] LI Qingzeng;ZHAO Haomin;ZHAO Honggang;WANG Qingping;QI Huachun;LIU Mingli(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Beihua University,Jilin 132013,China;Lingshui Street Office,Dalian High-tech Industrial Park,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]北华大学材料科学与工程学院,吉林132013 [2]大连高新技术产业园区凌水街道办事处,大连116023

出　　处：《林业工程学报》2025年第2期67-71,共5页Journal of Forestry Engineering

基　　金：吉林省预算内基本建设资金(创新能力建设)计划(2024C006-6);吉林省科学技术厅项目(20220508119RC,20230202092NC);北华大学研究生创新计划项目(研创合字[2023]015)。

摘　　要：以桦木为研究对象,探索木材在激光作用下的极速燃烧机理。根据提出的木材极速燃烧特性理念,研究激光切削木材时的当量能量占比,从而提高生产过程中的激光切削效率。根据质量-能量守恒定律,利用等效代换法,以作用在木材4个不同区域上的能量占比来体现木材极速燃烧的特性,并得到了当量能效占比的计算方法。通过11%含水率和绝干材的对比试验,分析可知激光功率45.5和130.0 W时,切削区、影响区当量能量各占比50%左右,而78.0 W时切缝处木材和水分当量能量占比之和较高,接近60%,说明激光能量78.0 W时切缝处木材极速燃烧最充分,激光能量利用率较高。130.0 W时影响区水分消耗能量占比较大,说明激光功率较大时影响区较宽,木材极速燃烧不充分;45.5 W时影响区木材消耗能量占比较大、水分消耗能量占比略小,说明激光功率较小时,影响区宽度较小,木材炭化现象明显,即不完全燃烧程度较小,影响区木材极速燃烧较为充分。采用CMA1390型激光机对含水率11%的桦木进行弦切面顺纹切削,在78.0 W左右的功率下极速燃烧更充分,能源利用率高。This study took birch wood as the research object to explore the rapid combustion mechanism of wood under the action of laser.Based on the proposed concept of rapid combustion characteristics of wood,this study examined the equivalent energy distribution in laser cutting wood.This approach aims to enhance laser cutting efficiency in the production process and contribute to understanding the fundamental mechanisms involved in laser processing.Avoiding complex optical and lumber theories,as well as the analysis of intricate chemical combustion reaction products,this study applied the law of mass-energy conservation and the equivalent substitution method.The ratio of the energy acting on four different regions of the wood was used to characterize the wood s rapid combustion properties,and a calculation method for the ratio of the equivalent energy efficiency was provided.Through the comparative testing between the wood with 11%moisture content and absolutely dry wood,we found that,at laser powers of 45.5 and 130.0 W,the equivalent energy distribution between the cutting area and the affected area was roughly equal,at around 50%.However,at a laser power of 78.0 W,the combined equivalent energy share of the wood and moisture in the cutting seam increased to nearly 60%.This indicated that the wood burned most efficiently at the cutting seam at this rapid speed,with higher laser energy utilization observed at 78.0 W.At 130.0 W,the energy consumption of water in the affected area was relatively high,indicating that,when the laser power was high,the affected area was wider and the wood burned insufficiently at high speeds.At 45.5 W,the energy consumption of wood in the affected area was relatively high,while the energy consumption of water was slightly low.This indicated that,when the laser power was low,the width of the affected area was small,and the carbonization phenomenon of wood was more obvious,that is,the degree of incomplete combustion was small,and the wood in the affected area burned more fully at high speeds.U

关 键 词：激光切削 桦木 极速燃烧特性 等效代换法 

分 类 号：S781[农业科学—木材科学与技术]