振动式油茶果采收机收集性能试验  

Experiment of collecting performance of vibration Camellia oleifera fruit harvester

作　　者：龙啸 闵淑辉[1] 廖凯[1] 高自成[1] 曹靖宜 LONG Xiao;MIN Shuhui;LIAO Kai;GAO Zicheng;CAO Jingyi(College of Mechanical and Intelligent Manufacturing,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410004,China)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学机械与智能制造学院,长沙410004

出　　处：《林业工程学报》2025年第2期123-129,共7页Journal of Forestry Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2202103);国家林业和草原局应急科技项目(202202-2);井冈山农高区省级科技专项揭榜挂帅项目(20222-051247)。

摘　　要：为了建立油茶果在收集伞和输送机构中的碰撞模型,基于镜面反射和运动学原理构建了油茶果恢复系数测试装置,对油茶果的碰撞特性进行了试验测定和分析。采用湖南浏阳市种植的大果油茶果品种开展碰撞特性测定正交试验,结果表明,影响油茶果恢复系数的因素主次顺序为:碰撞材料、碰撞角度、伞布拉力和下落高度,其中碰撞材料影响极为显著、碰撞角度和伞布拉力影响较为显著。为研究油茶果采收机的收集性能,对收集机构进行简化,研究不同碰撞材料、碰撞角度、伞布拉力的组合对油茶果集中率的影响。收集性能正交试验结果表明:碰撞材料对油茶果的集中率影响最大,碰撞角度影响油茶果的最小掉落距离,伞布拉力影响油茶果的最大掉落距离;当碰撞材料为油布、碰撞角度为20°、伞布拉力为60 N时,集中率为95.33%,收集效果最好。该研究结果可为油茶果采收机收集和输送装置关键部件的优化设计提供参考。Camellia oleifera mainly grows in the high mountains and hilly areas of the subtropical regions in Southern China.It is a unique kind of pure natural high-grade oil in China.In recent years,the scientific researchers in China have conducted a large amount of research on the picking equipment of C.oleifera fruits,and different picking equipment of C.oleifera fruit with various picking methods such as vibration,comb-tooth,and patting have emerged.However,there is limited research on the collection equipment of C.oleifera fruits.The collision characteristics of C.oleifera fruits have great significance for the design and optimization of the collection equipment.To establish the collision model of C.oleifera fruits in the collecting umbrella and conveying mechanism,a test device for the recovery coefficient of C.oleifera fruits was constructed based on the principle of specular reflection and kinematics,and the elastic characteristics of C.oleifera fruit were measured and analyzed.An orthogonal experiment was conducted to determine the collision characteristics of large fruit C.oleifera varieties planted in Liuyang City,Hunan Province,China.The results showed that the primary and secondary order of factors affecting the collision restitution coefficient of C.oleifera fruit were material,collision angle,pulling force and falling height,among which the material was extremely significant,and the collision angle and pulling force were more significant than other two.In order to study the collecting performance of the C.oleifera fruit harvester,the collecting mechanism was simplified,and the effects of different materials,angles,and pull force on the collection rate of C.oleifera fruit were studied.The results of the orthogonal test of collecting performance showed that the material had the greatest impact on the collection rate of C.oleifera fruits,the angle affected the minimum horizontal motion distance of C.oleifera fruits,and the pulling force affected the maximum horizontal motion distance of C.oleifera fruits.When

关 键 词：油茶果 碰撞恢复系数 收集率 振动式采收机 

分 类 号：S225.93[农业科学—农业机械化工程]