高温下减氮对水稻化学计量特征和非结构性碳水化合物分配的影响  

Effect of nitrogen reduction under high temperature on the stoichiometric characteristics and non-structural carbohydrate allocation in rice

作　　者：俞施龙 张明静 王光华 赵金标 陈远杰 陈宇琪 黄丽芬[1] YU Shilong;ZHANG Mingjing;WANG Guanghua;ZHAO Jinbiao;CHEN Yuanjie;CHEN Yuqi;HUANG Lifen(Agricultural College/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学农学院/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2025年第3期71-84,共14页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项(BE2022425);2024年江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(MX120230751)。

摘　　要：为探究减施化肥与有机肥在始穗期高温胁迫下对水稻化学计量特征和非结构性碳水化合物分配的影响,在水稻始穗期设置常温(NT)、中度高温(较常温提高2℃,MT)和极端高温(较常温提高5℃,HT)3种温度处理,以及化肥全量施肥(CF),有机肥全量施肥(OF),CF减施20%(-20%CF)和OF减施20%(-20%OF)4种施肥方式。探究不同温度和不同施肥方式互作对水稻各器官氮、磷、钾化学计量特征以及非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)分配的影响。结果表明:施肥方式和温度处理间的互作效应对水稻化学计量特征及NSC质量分数的影响达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。中度高温环境下,与CF相比,OF处理提高了水稻茎叶穗的氮质量分数;-20%OF处理提高了叶和茎中的钾质量分数,并且提高了茎叶穗的K∶P;-20%CF处理提高了茎和穗的磷质量分数,同时也提高了成熟期籽粒NSC质量分数。极端高温环境下,水稻茎叶穗的N∶P均<14,-20%OF处理水稻茎叶穗的N∶P最大,-20%CF较CF处理降低了茎叶穗N∶K。相关性分析表明,穗部中的N∶K、茎秆中的K∶P和茎鞘中NSC转运速率与产量呈显著正相关。综上所述,在极端高温下,适量施有机肥可缓解水稻氮素限制、利于NSC转运与提高产量;而中度高温下,适量施有机肥及减施化学氮肥有利于茎叶穗化学计量特征值的优化并且增加籽粒NSC质量分数。The study aimed to investigate the effects of reducing the application of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers on the chemical stoichiometry and non-structural carbohydrate allocation of rice under high temperature stress during the earing stage.In the experiment,three temperature treatments were set during the heading period of rice:normal temperature(NT),moderate high temperature(2℃higher than normal temperature,MT),and extremely high temperature(5℃higher than normal temperature,HT).Meanwhile,four fertilization methods were studied,which were full fertilization of chemical fertilizer(CF),full fertilization of organic fertilizer(OF),reducing application by 20%compared to CF(−20%CF)and reducing application by 20%compared to OF(−20%OF).The effects of the interaction between temperature and fertilization method on the stoichiometric characteristics of nitrogen,phosphorus,and kalium in various organs of rice,as well as the allocation of non-structural carbohydrate(NSC)were analyzed.The results showed that the interaction effect between fertilization method and temperature treatment had a highly significant impact(P<0.01)on the stoichiometric characteristics and NSC mass fraction of rice.Under moderate high temperature condition,compared with CF,OF treatment increased the nitrogen mass fraction of rice stems,leaves,and grains.−20%OF treatment increased the kalium mass fraction in leaves and stems,and also increased the K∶P ratio of stems,leaves,and grains−20%CF treatment increased the phosphorus mass fraction of stems and grains,as well as the NSC mass fraction of mature grains.Under extreme high temperature conditions,the N∶P ratio of rice stems,leaves,and grains is less than 14.Compared with CF,−20%CF,and OF treatments,the N∶P ratio of rice stems,leaves,and grains is the highest in−20%OF treatment,indicating that−20%OF treatment can alleviate the N limitation faced by rice nutrient absorption process.At the same time,under extremely high temperature condition,−20%CF reduces the N�

关 键 词：高温胁迫 化学计量特征 非结构性碳水化合物 源库关系 

分 类 号：S365[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]