秸秆基质块育秧过程中酚酸释放规律及自毒作用消减  

Release mechanism of phenolic acids and autotoxicity reduction in the process of seedling raising with straw substrate block

作　　者：张晶 曲萍[1,2] 赵奕然 孙恩惠 雍宬[1,2] 曹云 孙倩 靳红梅[1,2] 黄红英 ZHANG Jing;QU Ping;ZHAO Yiran;SUN Enhui;YONG Cheng;CAO Yun;SUN Qian;JIN Hongmei;HUANG Hongying(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integrated Farming of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China;Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization,Nanjing 210095,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部种养结合重点实验室,南京210014 [2]江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心,南京210095 [3]江苏大学材料科学与工程学院,江苏镇江212013

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2025年第3期85-94,共10页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新项目(CX(23)1034);农业农村部种养结合重点实验室开放课题(202301);江苏省农科院资环所2022年度青年联合创新项目(ZCX(2022)22);江苏农垦科技创新专项(SKNF012024003)。

摘　　要：为解析秸秆基质块育秧过程中酚酸类化合物释放规律及其对水稻的生物毒性,探明锰氧化物用于消减酚酸,提升育秧质量的可行性。以秸秆基质块和“南粳46”水稻为研究对象,进行育秧试验,通过液质联用方法测定秸秆基质块育秧过程中酚酸类化合物的动态变化,确定育秧过程释放的主要酚酸及含量,并采用发芽试验检测主要酚酸的生物毒性;同时,选择二氧化锰作为添加剂,检测其对酚酸的去除效果及对秸秆基质块育秧质量的提升。结果表明:1)15 d育秧周期内,秸秆基质块产生的总酚酸质量浓度随着育秧天数的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势,第10天总酚酸质量浓度最高,可达328 mg/L,出苗期(0~3 d)对香豆酸含量最高,阿魏酸次之,二者在主要酚酸中合计所占比例约95%;2)对香豆酸质量浓度达到200 mg/L,阿魏酸质量浓度达到350 mg/L时,水稻种子发芽指数均会显著降低;3)二氧化锰降解对香豆酸和阿魏酸的效果与底物浓度呈负相关,100 mg/L对香豆酸和阿魏酸降解率分别为49.9%和69.9%,浓度为300 mg/L时,二者降解率分别为25.8%和32.2%;4)秸秆基质块中添加二氧化锰能有效提升水稻育秧质量,株高、茎粗、地上部和地下部干重均显著增加,当添加量为0.025%时育秧质量即可达到商品基质水平。综上,秸秆基质块育苗前期释放的最主要酚酸为对香豆酸和阿魏酸,二氧化锰对二者有良好的降解效果,秸秆基质块中添加二氧化锰可显著提升水稻育秧质量。The purpose of this study was to analyze the release pattern of phenolic acids and their biological toxicity to rice in the process of seedling raising with straw substrate block,and to explore the feasibility of manganese oxide for reducing phenolic acids and improving seedling raising effect.Experiments on seedling raising were conducted using straw substrate block and rice“Nanjing 46”as research objects.The main types and contents of phenolic acids released in the process of seedling raising with straw substrate block were determined by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to measure the dynamic changes of phenolic acid compounds.The biological toxicity of main phenolic acids was determined by germination test.Furthermore,manganese dioxide was selected as an additive to detect its removal effect on phenolic acids and the improvement effect on seedling raising with straw substrate block.The results showed that:1)During the 15 d seedling raising period,the concentration of total phenolic acids produced by straw substrate block increased first and then decreased,and the highest concentration was 328 mg/L on the 10th day.The content of p-coumaric acid was the highest in the emergence stage(0 to 3 d),followed by ferulic acid,which accounted for about 95%of the main phenolic acids;2)When the concentration of p-coumaric acid reached 200 mg/L and ferulic acid reached 350 mg/L,the germination index of rice seeds decreased significantly;3)The degradation rates of p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid by manganese dioxide were negatively correlated with the phenolic acid concentration.The degradation rates were 49.9%and 69.9%at 100 mg/L,25.8%and 32.2%at 300 mg/L,respectively;4)The addition of manganese dioxide in straw substrate block could effectively improve the effect of rice seedling raising,and the plant height,stem diameter,dry weight of aboveground and underground parts were significantly increased.When the additional amount was 0.025%,the effect of seedling raising was the same as commercial substrate.In

关 键 词：秸秆基质块 育秧 酚酸 自毒作用 二氧化锰 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]