生物焖棚对盐渍化设施土壤理化性质与微生物群落结构的影响  

Effect of bio-stew management on the physicochemical properties and microbial community structure in salinized greenhouse soils

作　　者：葛桂利 李爽 左伟立 倪浩翔 魏文良 GE Guili;LI Shuang;ZUO Weili;NI Haoxiang;WEI Wenliang(College of Resources and Environment,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China;Qingdao Dedide Agrochemical Technology Service Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266000,China;Wuhan Kono Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学资源与环境学院,山东青岛266109 [2]青岛得地德农化科技服务有限公司,山东青岛266000 [3]武汉科诺生物科技股份有限公司,武汉430074

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2025年第3期95-104,共10页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金(ZR2021QC107);山东省高等学校优秀青年创新团队计划(2023KJ169);武汉科诺生物科技股份有限公司横向项目(660/2423161)。

摘　　要：为探究生物焖棚(高温配施有机肥+生物菌剂)对设施蔬菜农田土壤质量的影响,在青岛、潍坊、辽阳、嘉兴、杭州等市的设施蔬菜农田,设置了常规焖棚(T1)和生物焖棚(T2)2个处理,测定土壤化学性质、土壤团聚体结构稳定性、土壤微生物群落结构、土壤微生物丰富度与多样性指数和土壤微生物量碳等指标。结果表明:与T1相比,T2的土壤有机质、碱解氮、交换性铜和微生物量碳含量均显著增加,增幅分别为19.55%、27.53%、58.43%和37.52%(P<0.05),土壤团聚体平均重量直径(MWD)增加20.96%(P<0.05),但对土壤盐分、p H、有效磷、速效钾、交换性锌的改善效果不显著(P>0.05)。生物焖棚还能够改变土壤微生物的群落结构,其中,细菌群落主要受到土壤微生物量碳、微团聚体和土壤盐分含量的影响。得益于土壤理化性质的改变,土壤中细菌的丰富度与多样性指数分别提高15.06%(Chao 1)、20.63%(PD)、16.97%(Shannon)、12.49%(Simpson),真菌的丰富度与多样性指数分别提高17.63%(Chao 1)、19.29%(PD)、6.11%(Shannon)、4.51%(Simpson)。同时,生物焖棚可使土壤质量几何平均值(GM)提高5.39%。综上,生物焖棚较常规焖棚在提高土壤质量、改善土壤微生物群落结构与功能等方面具有良好的效果,是提高盐渍化设施农田土壤质量的有效措施。This study aimed to explore the influence of bio-stew management(high temperature and organic materials+biological agent)on the soil quality of the vegetable greenhouses.Two treatments including conventional sealing(T1)and biological sealing(T2)were set up in Qingdao,Weifang,Liaoyang,Jiaxing and Hangzhou city.Soil chemical properties,soil aggregate structure,soil microbial community structure,soil microbial richness and diversity index,and soil microbial biomass carbon content were determined.The results showed that:Compared with T1,the contents of soil organic matter,alkali hydrolytic nitrogen,exchange copper and microbial biomass carbon for T2 were significantly increased by 19.55%,27.53%,58.43%and 37.52%(P<0.05),respectively,and the mean weight diameter(MWD)of soil aggregates was significantly increased by 20.96%(P<0.05).However,the effects on soil salinity,pH,available phosphorus and available potassium,and exchange zinc under T2 treatment were not significant(P>0.05).The soil microbial community structure was changed by the microbial biomass carbon,microaggregates and soil salinity content.Due to the changes in soil's physical and chemical properties,the richness and diversity index of bacteria were increased by 15.06%(Chao 1),20.63%(PD),16.97%(Shannon),12.49%(Simpson),respectively.The richness and diversity index of fungi were increased by 17.63%(Chao 1),19.29%(PD),6.11%(Shannon)and 4.51%(Simpson),respectively.Meanwhile,the geometric mean value(GM)of soil quality was increased by 5.39%.Overall,this study suggest that biological sealing is beneficial for improving soil quality,soil microbial community structure and function compared to conventional sealing.Therefore,biological sealing is an effective measure to improve soil quality in salinized greenhouse soils.

关 键 词：生物焖棚 土壤化学性质 土壤团聚体 土壤微生物 设施蔬菜 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学] S626[农业科学—农业基础科学]