面向次生盐渍化防控的畜禽粪便设施菜地承载力估算  

Estimation on greenhouse vegetable field bearing capacity of animal manure targeting secondary salinization prevention and control

作　　者：楚天舒 任一哲 杨宇辰 赵智强 贺雪妮 苏楷淇 张起赫 蒲胜海 吴湘琳 马兴旺 CHU Tianshu;REN Yizhe;YANG Yuchen;ZHAO Zhiqiang;HE Xueni;SU Kaiqi;ZHANG Qihe;PU Shenghai;WU Xianglin;MA Xingwang(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Key Laboratory of Eco-Geochemistry,Ministry of Natural Resources,National Research Center for Geoanalysis,Beijing 100037,China;College of Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology/State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agroecosystems,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou,730020,China;College of Humanities and Development Studies,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Research Institute of Soil,Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conversation,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Northwest Oasis,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]国家地质实验测试中心自然资源部生态地球化学重点实验室,北京100037 [3]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083 [4]兰州大学草地农业科技学院/草种创新与草地农业生态系统全国重点实验室,兰州730020 [5]中国农业大学人文与发展学院,北京100193 [6]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所/农业农村部西北绿洲农业环境重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2025年第3期166-174,共9页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：自然资源部生态地球化学重点实验室开放基金项目(ZSDHJJ202203);“天山英才”培养计划(2022TSYCLJ0050);农业科技创新稳定支持项目(xjnkywdzc-2023005-1);农业农村部西北绿洲农业环境重点实验室开放基金(XBLZ-20225)。

摘　　要：为防控设施菜地土壤次生盐渍化,以云南、上海、江苏、陕西、甘肃、宁夏、山东、河北和辽宁的设施菜地为研究对象,基于土壤盐分积累模型,开展面向次生盐渍化防控的畜禽粪便设施菜地承载力的建模工作;根据各省设施菜地土壤含盐量现状与盐化分级标准,设置对应的土壤含盐量阈值,估算每hm2设施菜地适宜施用畜禽粪肥量与承载力。结果表明:1)9个省份每hm2设施菜地可承载的生猪、奶牛、肉牛、蛋鸡和肉鸡数量分别为8.6~153.7头、0.4~4.1头、0.6~11.4头、8.5~162.5羽和58.8~1107.5羽;2)设施菜地土壤和畜禽粪肥含盐量较高,已经限制了畜禽粪肥还田利用与承载力。建议推广淋洗排盐、暗管排水或深耕技术,以降低土壤盐分残留,从而提升畜禽粪便设施菜地承载力。本研究可为区域种养平衡与土壤障碍因子治理提供参考。To prevent soil secondary salinization in greenhouse vegetable fields,Yunnan,Shanghai,Jiangsu,Shaanxi,Gansu,Ningxia,Shandong,Hebei and Liaoning were considered as our research objects.A model was developed based on the soil salinity accumulation model to assess the bearing capacity of greenhouse vegetable fields and prevent soil secondary salinization.According to the current soil salinity and salinization grading standards of vegetable greenhouses in each province,the corresponding soil salinity thresholds were set to estimate the appropriate manure application per hectare of greenhouse vegetable field and its bearing capacity.The results showed that:1)The greenhouse vegetable field bearing capacity of livestock and poultry manure in the nine provinces ranged from 8.6 to 153.7 pigs equivalent,0.4 to 4.1 dairy cattle equivalent,0.6 to 11.4 beef cattle equivalent,8.5 to 162.5 layers equivalent,and 58.8 to 1107.5 broilers equivalent per hectare,respectively.2)Salt content in vegetable greenhouse soils and animal manure was high,which limited the utilization of animal manure for returning to the fields and greenhouse vegetable field bearing capacity.This study recommended promoting techniques such as leaching,subsurface drainage pipe,and deep tillage to reduce soil salinity and enhance the greenhouse vegetable field’s carrying capacity of livestock and poultry manure.This research provided a basis for balancing regional agriculture and animal husbandry production systems and managing other factors of soil obstacles.

关 键 词：畜禽粪便 承载力 次生盐渍化 设施菜地 土壤含盐量 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]