三江源地区生态承载力时空动态评价及分区研究  

Spatiotemporal dynamic evaluation and regional division research of ecological carrying capacity in the Three Rivers Source region

作　　者：王守兴 周翼 杨明新 李成先 宁晓春 王雁鹤 谷强 魏代军 刘晓洁[5] WANG Shouxing;ZHOU Yi;YANG Mingxin;LI Chengxian;NING Xiaochun;WANG Yanhe;GU Qiang;WEI Daijun;LIU Xiaojie(Xining Center of Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey,China Geological Survey,Xining 810021,China;Water Resources and Ecosystem Processes Field Observatory of the Three-River Head Waters,Xining 810021,China;School of Geographical Sciences,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,China;Key Laboratory of Coupling Processes and Effects of Natural Resource Elements,Beijing 100055,China;Institute of geographic sciences and natural resource research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局西宁自然资源综合调查中心,西宁810021 [2]三江源水资源与生态系统过程野外观测研究站,西宁810021 [3]湖南师范大学地理科学学院,长沙410081 [4]自然资源要素耦合过程与效应重点实验室,北京100055 [5]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2025年第3期218-231,共14页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：中国地质调查项目(DD20220959);中国地质调查局自然资源综合调查指挥中心科技创新基金项目(KC20220018)。

摘　　要：为促进生态脆弱区生态环境可持续发展,本研究以三江源地区为研究对象,采用综合指数法方法,从稳定力、支撑力和承压力3个维度构建三江源生态承载力评估模型,研究三江源地区2010年和2020年生态承载力,并进行分区管控分析。结果表明:1)对于单一维度而言,从稳定力来看,三江源水域稳定力降低,冰川在范围缩小的同时稳定力略有上升,草地在范围缩小的同时归一化植被指数(Normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)略有提高;从支撑力看,水源涵养量与土壤保持量均有提升,但生境质量略有降低;从承压力看,三江源地区草地承压能力有所降低。2)总体上,三江源地区生态承载力2020年比2010年降低了3%,三江源生态承载力亟待提高。3)基于三江源地区生态承载力综合评估结果,可将三江源地区划分为4个类型。其中,I型区域生态承载力最差,特别需要重视冰川稳定力问题;II型区域生态承载力较稳定,是分布最广泛的区域;III型区域草地稳定力较高,但生境质量较低;IV型区域是重要的河湖保护区域。因此,不同承载力级区的提升策略应有所不同,未来三江源地区需要进一步加强针对性生态修复和管理策略,特别是要结合各区域的生态特征和承载力状况,实施差异化管理措施。To promote the sustainable development of the ecological environment in the ecologically fragile area,this study took the Three Rivers Source region as the research object.The comprehensive index method was adopted to construct an evaluation model of the ecological carrying capacity of the Three Rivers Source region from the three dimensions of stability,support and pressure.The ecological carrying capacities of the Three Rivers Source region in 2010 and 2020 were determined and regional control analysis was carried out.The results show that:1)From the single dimension of stability,the stability of the Three River Source water area decreases,the stability of glaciers slightly increases while the range shrinks,and the NDVI of grasslands slightly increases while the range shrinks;From the perspective of support,there is an increase in source conservation and soil conservation,but the habitat quality slightly decreases;From the perspective of bearing capacity,the theoretical carrying capacity of grasslands in the Three Rivers Source area has decreased.2)Overall,the ecological carrying capacity of the Three Rivers Source decreased by 3%in 2020 compared to 2010,with degradation and rapid degradation areas accounting for about 41%.The ecological carrying capacity of the Three Rivers Source urgently needs to be improved.3)Based on the comprehensive evaluation results of the ecological carrying capacity of the Three Rivers Source,the ecological carrying capacity can be divided into four different regions.Among them,the TypeⅠregion has the worst ecological carrying capacity,and special attention should be paid to the issue of glacier stability;TypeⅡregions have relatively stable ecological carrying capacity and are the most widely distributed regions;TypeⅢregional grasslands have higher stability and lower habitat quality;TypeⅣareas are important river and lake protection areas.The strategies for improving the carrying capacity of different functional regions are different.Therefore,the improvement strategies shou

关 键 词：综合指数法 生态承载力 空间分区 生态脆弱区 三江源 

分 类 号：P942[天文地球—自然地理学] K903[历史地理—人文地理学]