论轻罪案件中定罪免刑制度的激活  

On the Activation of the Conviction Exemption System in Minor Criminal Cases

作　　者：李翔[1] 周家琳 LI Xiang;ZHOU Jia-lin(Criminal Law School,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200042,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学刑事法学院,上海200042

出　　处：《河北法学》2025年第1期24-44,共21页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划项目“轻罪立法研究”(2022ZFX004)的阶段性成果;浙江省人民检察院2024年度专项调研重点课题“轻罪附随后果研究”(zjdy202487);广东省人民检察院2024年度检察理论研究课题“中国特色轻罪治理体系研究”(GDJC2024026B)的阶段性成果;华东政法大学刑事法学院2023年度苏惠渔刑法学研究基金资助项目“轻罪治理背景下刑法抽象危险犯的设置与适用研究”的阶段性研究成果;华东政法大学2024年度校级研究生创新能力培养专项计划项目“轻罪治理背景下的规范分离论研究”的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：化解轻罪扩张的伴生风险应当激活定罪免刑制度的适用。定罪免刑的基本含义为“犯罪的成立范围与处罚范围相分离”,而这一分离效果的理论根基是“行为规范与裁判规范的分离”。规范分离属于“声音隔离”的一种,部分阻隔裁判规范向国民的公开,使行为规范的规制效果最大化。这一处理的正当性基础在于,裁判规范的阻隔实际上给予规范适用对象更宽厚的优待,并不违反罪刑法定原则。同时,定罪免刑相较于实罪实刑、免罪免刑、缓刑或者其他针对轻罪的宽缓化措施,能够在尽量节省司法资源的前提下,起到对行为人最大的规训作用以及针对真实和潜在被害人的补偿效果。定罪免刑的开启依赖于裁判规范的补足,补足的内容是关于抽象危险犯之危险现实化的内容以及影响对行为人进行特殊预防的因素。对轻罪行为人定罪免刑后可能涉及到行政责任的承担,应构建起专属轻罪的行刑反向衔接制度。The risk associated with the expansion of misdemeanours should be resolved by activating the application of theconviction and exemption system.The basic meaning of conviction and exemption is"the separation of the scope of crime and the scope of punishment",and the theoretical foundation of this separation effect is"the separation of behavioural norms and adjudication norms".The separation of norms is a form of"sound segregation",which partially blocks the diselosure of adjudicative norms to the public and maximises the regulatory effect of behavioural norms.This approach is justified on the basis that the blocking of adjudicative norms actually gives more generous treatment to those to whom the norms are applied and does not violate the principle of legality of the offence.At the same time,conviction and sentence exemption,as compared to actual punishment,exemption and sentence exemption,probation or other leniency measures for minor offences,can have the greatest regulatory effect on the perpetrator and reparative effect on the real and potential victims,while conserving as much as possible judicialresources.Conviction and exemption from sentencing depend on the complementarity of the norms governing the realisation of danger in the case of abstract dangerous crimes and the factors affecting the special prevention of the perpetrator.The conviction and exemption of the perpetrator of a misdemeanour may involve the assumption of administrative responsibility,and a system of reverse articulation of execution and punishment exclusive to misdemeanours should be constructed.

关 键 词：轻罪案件 定罪免刑 规范分离 行刑反向衔接 抽象危险犯 

分 类 号：DF61[政治法律—刑法学]