汽车尾气废三元催化剂溶样与贵金属的精准测定  

Accurate determination of three-way catalyst dissolution samples and precious metals of automobile exhaust waste

作　　者：赵宁辛 王才平 田磊[1] 李金辉[1] 王翀 郁丰善 陈丽杰[1] ZHAO Ningxin;WANG Caiping;TIAN Lei;LI Jinhui;WANG Chong;YU Fengshan;CHEN Lijie(College of Metallurgical Engineering,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,Jiangxi,China;Hengfeng Kaiyi Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Shangrao 335500,Jiangxi,China;Jiangxi Junxin Precious Metal Technology Materials Co.,Ltd.,Shangrao 335500,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]江西理工大学冶金工程学院,江西赣州341000 [2]横峰县凯怡实业有限公司,江西上饶335500 [3]江西省君鑫贵金属科技材料有限公司,江西上饶335500

出　　处：《有色金属科学与工程》2025年第1期96-103,共8页Nonferrous Metals Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52064021);江西省自然科学基金重点项目(20232ACB204016);江西省主要学科学术与技术带头人-青年人才培养计划(20204BCJL23031);上饶市“揭榜挂帅”科技计划项目(2022A005);横峰县凯怡实业有限公司横向课题(2022360702007502A);江西理工大学清江青年英才支持计划资助项目(JXUSTQIBI2020004)。

摘　　要：贵金属的回收资源中汽车尾气废三元催化剂(TWC)拥有巨大的占比,它的回收处理不仅具有重要的环保意义,还具有极高的经济价值。但汽车尾气废三元催化剂中Pt、Pd、Rh含量低,分布不均匀,导致检测结果不精确,误差较大,是目前回收贵金属研究面临的主要问题。本研究重点讨论了汽车尾气废三元催化剂中Pt、Pd、Rh的取样方法和溶样方法,并分别对样品进行常规酸溶、微波消解、碱焙烧。结果表明,与其他方法相比,微波消解溶样的效果最好,样品溶解完全,采用电感耦合等离子体光谱法(ICP-AES)进行检测分析,测得的Pt、Pd、Rh含量结果稳定,精确度高。该研究对贵金属二次资源回收具有重要意义,也为汽车尾气废催化剂中Pt、Pd、Rh含量的精准检测提供参考。The three-way catalyst(TWC)of automobile exhaust waste has a huge proportion of precious metal recycling resources,which not only has important environmental significance for its recycling,but also has extremely high economic value.However,the content of Pt,Pd and Rh in the three-way catalyst of automobile exhaust waste is low and the distribution is uneven,which leads to inaccurate detection results and large errors,which is the main problem faced by the research on the recovery of precious metals.In this study,we focused on the sampling methods and dissolution methods of platinum,palladium and rhodium in automobile exhaust waste threeway catalysts,and the samples were subjected to conventional acid solubilization,microwave digestion and alkali roasting,respectively.The results showed that compared with other methods,the microwave digestion had the best effect,the sample was completely dissolved,and the inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy(ICP-AES)was used for detection and analysis,and the measured Pt,Pd and Rh contents were stable and accurate.This study is of great significance for the recovery of secondary precious metal resources,and also provides a reference for the accurate detection of platinum,palladium and rhodium contents in automobile exhaust waste catalysts.

关 键 词：汽车尾气废三元催化剂 贵金属 取样 酸溶 微波消解 碱焙烧 

分 类 号：TF83[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]