钠离子、氯离子的离子选择膜的制备及性能  

Preparation and Performance of Ion-selective Membranes for Sodium and Chloride Ions

作　　者：马衍栋 张立卿 刘正球 MA Yandong;ZHANG Liqing;LIU Zhengqiu(School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,University of Jinan,Jinan 250022,China)

机构地区：[1]济南大学土木建筑学院,山东济南250022

出　　处：《济南大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期186-193,共8页Journal of University of Jinan(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51979064)。

摘　　要：为了提高离子选择膜对1价离子的选择性及渗透率,分别以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)和壳聚糖(CS)为膜材料,以3-(脲基-4-甲氧基苯基)丙基三乙氧基硅烷(UPTS)为功能性材料,采用共混法制备具有Na^(+)和Cl^(-)选择性的离子选择膜,采用扫描电子显微镜、离子电导率、离子渗透率表征离子选择膜的结构及性能,考察膜材料种类、UPTS用量及外加电场作用对Na^(+)和Cl^(-)的分离效果。结果表明:当UPTS的质量分数为1%且PVDF和PVA混合作为膜材料制备离子选择膜时,25 h内分离相Na^(+)、K^(+)、Li^(+)混合溶液的电导率最高,达到779μS/cm,膜对Na^(+)的渗透率达到0.0047 cm^(2)/h;而分离相Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)混合溶液的电导率仅为4μS/cm。当采用PVDF和PVA混合作为膜材料且UPTS的质量分数为2%制备离子选择膜时,25 h内分离相Na^(+)、K^(+)、Li^(+)混合溶液的电导率达到1335.2μS/cm,膜对Na^(+)的渗透率达到0.01 cm^(2)/h;分离相Cl^(-)、SO_(4)^(2-)混合溶液的电导率达到533.0μS/cm,膜对Cl^(-)的渗透率达到0.0015 cm^(2)/h。在外电场作用下,25 h内经离子选择膜分离的Na^(+)、K^(+)、Li^(+)混合溶液的电导率达到4532μS/cm,膜对Na^(+)的渗透率达到0.032 cm^(2)/h;分离相Cl^(-)、SO_(4)^(2-)混合溶液的电导率达到3521μS/cm,且对Cl^(-)的渗透率达到0.013 cm^(2)/h。To improve the selectivity and permeability of ion-selective membranes for monovalent ions,ion-selective membranes with Na^(+)and Cl^(-)selectivity were prepared by blending method using 3-(urea-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl tri-ethoxylsilane(UPTS)as the functional material and polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF),polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)and chitosan(CS)as the membrane materials,respectively.By using scanning electron microscopy,conductivity and ion permeability,the structure and properties of the ion-selective membranes were characterized,and the separation effect of Na^(+)and Cl^(-)by the type of membrane material,the content of UPTS and the effect of external electric field was investigated.The results show that when the mass fraction of UPTS is 1%,PVDF and PVA are mixed as membrane materials for preparing ion-selective membranes,the conductivity of separated mixed solution of Na^(+),K^(+)and Li^(+)is the highest within 25 h,reaching 779μS/cm,and the permeability of the membrane to Na^(+)reaches 0.0047 cm^(2)/h.The conductivity of separated mixed solution of Ca^(2+)and Mg^(2+)is only 4μS/cm.When PVDF and PVA are used as membrane materials and the UPTS fraction is 2%for preparing ion-selective membranes,the conductivity of separated mixed solution of Na^(+),K^(+)and Li^(+)reaches 1335.2μS/cm within 25 h,and the permeability of the membrane to Na^(+)reaches 0.01 cm^(2)/h.The conductivity of separated mixed solution of Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2-) reaches 533.0μS/cm,and the permeability of the membrane to Cl^(-)reaches 0.0015 cm^(2)/h.Under the action of external electric field,the conductivity of mixed solution of Na^(+),K^(+),Li^(+)separated by ion-selective membrane reaches 4532μS/cm within 25 h,and the permeability of the membrane to Na^(+)reaches 0.032 cm^(2)/h.The conductivity of separated mixed solution of Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2-) reaches 3521μS/cm,and the permeability of the membrane to Cl^(-)reaches 0.013 cm^(2)/h.

关 键 词：离子选择膜 外加电场 电导率 渗透率 

分 类 号：TQ028.3[化学工程]