近零能耗建筑低碳能源系统的设计及其设备容量优化  

Design and Equipment Capacity Optimization of Low Carbon Energy System for Near-zero Energy Buildings

作　　者：苏佶智 康熙 邢琳 田欢庆 白佳慧 吕燕捷 SU Jizhi;KANG Xi;XING Lin;TIAN Huanqing;BAI Jiahui;LYU Yanjie(Economic and Technological Research Institute of State Grid Hebei Electric Power Co.,Ltd.,Shijiazhuang 050000,Hebei,China;Hebei Building Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Shijiazhuang 050021,Hebei,China;China Academy of Building Research,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]国网河北省电力有限公司经济技术研究院,河北石家庄050000 [2]河北省建筑科学研究院有限公司,河北石家庄050021 [3]中国建筑科学研究院有限公司,北京100013

出　　处：《济南大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期252-262,共11页Journal of University of Jinan(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFE0134100);河北省科技成果重点推广计划项目(22284504Z)。

摘　　要：为了使作为建筑碳排放主要来源的建筑能源系统向低碳化发展,实现“双碳”目标,以河北省某典型近零能耗建筑为例,设计近零能耗建筑低碳能源系统,从冷、热、电供应的角度建立该系统的运行策略,并分析该系统的设备工作原理;以年度总成本、年度碳排放量和电网交互总电量为单目标设备容量,建立设备容量优化的单目标和多目标函数;综合考虑该系统的经济、环保、独立性,采用优化工具Genopt中的Hooke-Jeeves算法优化设备容量;分析该系统的建筑负荷和电价的敏感性,并利用Trnsys软件模拟该系统的运行工况。结果表明:该系统设备容量优化的多目标函数解集无法使3个单目标设备容量同时最优,只能寻求多目标综合性能最优;该系统的最优设备容量方案是太阳能光伏板个数为81,太阳能集热器铺设面积为10 m^(2),空气源热泵的额定功率为2.78 kW,蓄电池容量为4.1 kW·h,保温水箱容积为3 m^(3);相较于传统的近零能耗建筑能源系统,该系统具有良好的环保性和独立性,年度碳减排率达到77.76%,电网交互减少率达到67.23%;在无蓄电的情况下,该系统的综合性能指标增大6.63%,综合性能仍优于传统的近零能耗建筑能源系统的;相对于下网模式,该系统在上网模式下的电网交互总电量略大;通过单目标设备容量优化,该系统以年度总成本为优化目标时的年度碳排放量在3个单目标设备容量中达到最大值6161 kg,以年度碳排放量为优化目标时的年度总成本、电网交互总电量分别达到最大值29359元、33447 kW·h;相对于电价波动,该系统的建筑负荷对综合性能指标的影响较大;该系统在夏季和过渡季电网用电量为0,基本达到自给自足。To make building energy systems,as main sources of building carbon emission,develop to low carbon and achieve the goal of“dual carbon”,taking a typical near-zero energy building in Hebei Province as an example,a kind of low carbon energy system for near-zero energy buildings was designed.Operation strategies of the system were established from the perspective of cold,heat,and electricity supply,and equipment working principle of the system was analyzed.Taking annual total cost,annual carbon emission amount,and total power grid interaction energy as single-objective equipment capacities,single-objective functions and a multi-objective function of equipment capacity optimization were established.Considering economy,environmental friendliness,and independence of the system comprehensively,Hooke-Jeeves algorithm in optimization tool Genopt was used to optimize the equipment capacities.Sensitivity of building load and electricity price of the system was analyzed,and operating conditions of the system were simulated by using Trnsys software.The results show that the multi-objective function solution set for optimizing the equipment capacities of the system cannot make the three single-objective equipment capacities be optimal at the same time,thus only optimal multi-objective comprehensive performance can be sought.The optimal equipment capacity scheme of the system is solar photovoltaic panel number of 81,solar collector laying area of 10 m^(2),air source heat pump rated power of 2.78 kW,storage battery capacity of 4.1 kW·h,and insulation water tank volume of 3 m^(3).Compared with the traditional energy system for near-zero energy buildings,the system has good environmental friendliness and independence,with the annual carbon emission reduction rate of 77.76%and the power grid interaction reduction rate of 67.23%.In the case of no power storage,the comprehensive performance index increases by 6.63%,and the comprehensive performance is still better than that of the traditional energy system for near-zero energy bu

关 键 词：近零能耗建筑 低碳能源系统 多目标设备容量优化 可再生能源 

分 类 号：TU83[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程]