碳包覆纳米材料应用于电催化氧还原反应研究进展  

Research Progress of Carbon Encapsulated Nanomaterials Used in Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction

作　　者：薛景伟 张云阁 吴耿煌 荣峻峰 XUE Jingwei;ZHANG Yunge;WU Genghuang;RONG Junfeng(SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中石化石油化工科学研究院有限公司,北京100083

出　　处：《石油学报(石油加工)》2025年第2期518-531,共14页Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U21B2092);中国石油化工股份有限公司合同项目(222067)资助。

摘　　要：电催化氧还原反应是燃料电池等清洁能源技术的关键反应,工业上目前普遍采用的是Pt/C催化剂,但Pt/C催化剂存在成本高、稳定性差等问题,亟需开发低成本、稳定高效的氧还原催化剂。碳包覆纳米材料在催化过程中碳壳可以保护金属纳米颗粒,避免金属纳米颗粒出现腐蚀、脱落以及团聚等情况,表现出优异的稳定性,已经被广泛应用于催化加氢和电催化氧还原等反应。概述了碳壳与金属内核之间的相互作用,包括碳壳的保护作用、碳壳与金属内核之间的电子作用。梳理了近年来碳包覆非贵金属/贵金属纳米材料应用于电催化氧还原反应的研究进展,着重介绍了提高催化活性的优化策略,主要包括杂原子掺杂、内核金属合金化以及结构优化。最后,对碳包覆纳米材料当前存在的问题进行了归纳,同时指出精确调控碳壳、探索碳包覆多元合金的制备以及优化碳包覆材料的制备方法是碳包覆材料未来的发展方向。Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction is key for clean energy technologies such as fuel cells,and now Pt/C catalysts are commonly used in industry.However,Pt/C catalysts have problems such as high cost and poor stability,and there is an urgent need to develop low-cost,stable and efficient oxygen reduction catalysts.Carbon encapsulated nanomaterials have been widely used in catalytic hydrogenation and electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reactions because the carbon shells can protect metal nanoparticles from corrosion,detachment,and agglomeration in the catalytic process and exhibit excellent stability.The paper provides an overview of the interactions between carbon shell and metal core,including the protective role of carbon shell and the electronic interaction between carbon shell and metal core,and also summarizes the research progress of carbon encapsulated non-precious/precious metal nanomaterials in electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction in recent years;more importantly,the optimization strategies to improve the catalytic activity are proposed,mainly including heteroatom doping,metal alloying of the inner core,and structural optimization.Finally,the existing problems of carbon encapsulated nanomaterials are summarized,and it is also pointed out that precise regulation of carbon shells,exploration on the preparation of carbon encapsulated multi-alloys,and optimization of the preparation methods of carbon encapsulated materials are the future development directions of carbon encapsulated materials.

关 键 词：碳包覆材料 稳定性 氧还原反应 非贵金属催化剂 Pt基催化剂 

分 类 号：TE333[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]