橡胶支座隔震结构振动台试验相似设计研究进展  

Overview on Similitude Design Study for Shaking Table Tests on Isolated Structures with Rubber Bearings

作　　者：任祥香 卢文胜[1,2] REN Xiangxiang;LU Wensheng(College of Civil Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学土木工程学院,上海200092 [2]同济大学土木工程防灾减灾全国重点实验室,上海200092

出　　处：《结构工程师》2025年第1期217-230,共14页Structural Engineers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52308527);重庆市自然科学基金(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0476);国家自然科学基金项目(51578411)。

摘　　要：橡胶支座隔震结构体系具有良好的抗震性能,近年来在国内外得到了大量的研发和应用。缩尺模型试验方法作为研究和验证新型结构及复杂结构性能的重要手段,在结构与防灾减灾工程的研究和设计中起着越来越重要的作用。在模型试验中,采用科学的相似方法对原型结构进行合理的相似设计是确保模型试验结果反推原型结构性能准确性的关键。集中介绍橡胶支座隔震结构振动台试验的相似设计研究进展,从隔震结构上部结构、隔震层与转换层分别介绍相似设计面临的挑战与对应的解决方法。上部结构模型的相似设计借鉴传统的模型实用相似设计方法;隔震层的相似设计一方面需要对现有的支座力学性能计算公式进行修正,用于超规范小尺寸橡胶支座,另一方面需要按照隔震层倾覆刚度相似的的原则进行支座数量选择与布置;目前缩尺模型的加强转换层会使支座的负荷区域压力趋于均匀化,且减小罕遇地震时支座的受拉概率,在对模型地震反应试验结果分析时需要考虑加强转换层的影响。Isolated structures with rubber bearings have good seismic performance,and have been widely developed and applied at home and abroad in recent years.Scale model test method,as one of the important means to study and verify the performance of new structures or complex structures,plays an increasingly important role in the research and design of structural engineering and disaster prevention and reduction engineering.For model testing,using reasonable similitude method to carry out reasonable similitude design is the key to ensure the accuracy of the model test results.From three aspects of isolated superstructures,isolation layer and transfer layer,this paper focuses on the advances in the similitude design method for shaking table test of isolated structures with rubber bearings.At present,the dynamic similarity design of the superstructure model of the isolated structure generally refers to the traditional practical similarity design method.For the design of the isolation layer,it is necessary to revise the existing mechanical properties calculation formula of the isolation layer,and to select and arrange the number of supports according to the principle that the overturning stiffness of the isolation layer is similar.The reinforced transfer layer in the scale model can make the load area pressure of the support tend to be uniform and reduce the tensile probability of the support in rare earthquakes,and the effect should be considered in the seismic response analysis of isolated structures.

关 键 词：橡胶支座 隔震结构 振动台试验 相似方法 整体结构动力效应 

分 类 号：TU352.1[建筑科学—结构工程]