条件推理测验的有效性:理论基础、效度证据及未来挑战  

The Validity of Conditional Reasoning Test:Theoretical Foundations,Validity Evidence,and Future Challenges

作　　者：张照辉 沈中正 张一一 卞冉 ZHANG Zhaohui;SHEN Zhongzheng;ZHANG Yiyi;BIAN Ran(Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education,Faculty of Psychology,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学心理学部,应用实验心理北京市重点实验室,心理学国家级实验教学示范中心,北京100875

出　　处：《中国临床心理学杂志》2025年第1期161-168,116,共9页Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology

摘　　要：条件推理测验是一种标准化的内隐投射测验,由一系列逻辑推理任务组成,通过测量个体在推理中表现出的内隐认知偏差(即辩解机制)来测量内隐动机、人格和行为倾向等。随着理论和应用的不断发展,该测验已经积累了大量的效度证据,包括效标关联效度、递增效度和构想效度等。然而,该测验的构想效度还存在争议,“所测心理结构到底是什么”这一核心问题仍待解决。基于近年来的研究进展和上述问题的显露,为进一步提高条件推理测验的有效性,研究者未来需要:(1)建立辩解机制库,并探索基于辩解机制的测评体系;(2)明晰条件推理测验实现测量的内在机制与作答过程;(3)寻找可能影响条件推理测验结果的跨文化因素,验证跨文化测量的等价性和一致性;(4)设法限制测验原理泄露导致的受测者作假对测量结果的影响,强化测验抗作假能力等。Conditional reasoning test(CRT)is a standard implicit projection test,which consists of a series of logical reasoning tasks.It measures implicit motives,personality and behavioral tendencies by measuring individuals'implicit cognitive biases(i.e.justification mechanisms)among their reasoning.With the continuous development of theory and application,CRT has accumulated a large amount of validity evidences,including criterion-related validity,incremental validity,and construct validity.However,the construct validity of CRT is still remained controversial,the core problem-what exactly is the measured psychological structure remains to be resolve.Based on recent research progress and the exposure of the aforementioned issues,to further improve the validity of the CRT,we need to(1)establish a library of defense mechanisms and explore evaluation systems based on justification mechanisms;(2)clarify the underlying mechanism and response process of CRT;(3)look for cross-cultural factors affecting CRT results from different scales and validate equivalence and consistency of cross-cultural measures;(4)limit the influence of the measuring principle leakage on the measurement results and strength the resistance to faking.

关 键 词：条件推理测验 构想效度 效标关联效度 递增效度 

分 类 号：R395.1[哲学宗教—心理学]