喀斯特区岩性限制下近20年植被恢复趋势与生态治理建议  

Vegetation Recovery and Ecological Management under Lithological Constraints in Karst Areas over the Past 20 Years

作　　者：莫小妹 彭韬[1,3] 张信宝 代彬[1,2] 王世杰 MO Xiaomei;PENG Tao;ZHANG Xinbao;DAI Bin;WANG Shijie(State Key Laboratory of Environment Geochemistry,Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guiyang 550081,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Puding Karst Ecosystem Research Station,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Puding Guizhou 562100,China;Key laboratory of Mountain Environment Evolution and Regulation,institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment&Ministry of Water Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室,贵阳550081 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]贵州普定喀斯特生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,贵州普定562100 [4]中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所山地环境演变与调控重点实验室,成都610041

出　　处：《地球与环境》2025年第1期44-53,共10页Earth and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42077317、42261144672、42230509);国家重点研发计划子课题(2023YFF0806002);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)(XDB40020201);贵州省科技厅基础研究重点项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2022]重点048);贵州省高层次(百层次)创新型人才(黔科合平台人才–GCC[2023]059)。

摘　　要：喀斯特区的土壤较少、水源涵养能力较弱,一旦破坏,植被恢复很困难。喀斯特坡地的岩土结构具有较强的异质性,受到不同岩性背景的限制,植被恢复也表现出明显的空间差异。本研究采用2001—2022年的NDVI时间序列数据,选择贵州3种典型岩性类型的集中连片区域,开展地质背景和植被长期恢复特征的空间叠加分析,以揭示喀斯特区不同岩性背景限制下植被近20年长时期恢复的时空分布特性及其动态变化规律。结果显示,2001年至2022年,贵州省植被整体恢复良好,94.54%的地区植被得到了改善,仅有2.97%的区域出现退化;其中,碎屑岩区域植被以稳定恢复为主,伴有微弱改善;不同岩性对植被长期恢复进程具有显著制约作用,石灰岩区植被恢复速度最快,白云岩区植被恢复缓慢,改善面积为石灰岩(98.85%)>碎屑岩(84.72%)>白云岩(78.98%)。因此,针对喀斯特地区不同岩性坡地植被长期恢复过程受到岩性的显著限制,应因地制宜地采取不同恢复策略:(1)碎屑岩地区应提倡人工林并配合合理采伐策略;(2)石灰岩坡地可开展人工造林,选择高附加值的适生珍贵名木;(3)白云岩坡地应以灌草自然恢复为主,也可种植牧草等经济植物,实行草畜一体化。本研究揭示了喀斯特区岩性对植被恢复的限制效应,为不同区域的岩土结构特点制定针对性的植被恢复策略提供了科学依据,有助于提升生态管理的认识水平和评估能力。Due to limited soil and weak water conservation capacity,karst areas exhibit difficulty in revegetation.The heterogeneous rocksoil structure of karst slopes,influenced by different lithological backgrounds,results in significant spatial variability in vegetation recovery.This study utilized NDVI time series data from 2001 to 2022,selecting concentrated areas in Guizhou with three typical lithological types,to conduct a spatial overlay analysis of geological background and long-term vegetation recovery characteristics.The aim was to reveal the spatiotemporal distribution and dynamic changes in vegetation recovery under different lithological constraints over the past 20 years in karst areas.The results indicated that overall,revegetation efforts in Guizhou Province had improved,with 94.54%of the area showing recovery and only 2.97%experiencing degradation.Lithology significantly constrains the long-term vegetation recovery process,with the fastest recovery observed in limestone areas and the slowest in dolomite areas.Notably,vegetation in clastic rock areas has shown stable recovery with slight improvement.The improvement based on the area follows the order:limestone(98.85%)>clastic rock(84.72%)>dolomite(78.98%).Therefore,tailored recovery strategies should be adopted for different lithological slopes in karst areas for the significant constraints of lithology on long-term vegetation recovery:(1)Clastic rock areas should promote artificial forests along with reasonable harvesting strategies;(2)Limestone slopes can undertake artificial afforestation,selecting high-value and suitable precious trees;(3)Dolomite slopes should primarily rely on natural recovery of shrubs and grasses,and may also plant economic plants like forage grasses to implement grass-livestock integration.This study reveals the limiting effects of lithology on vegetation recovery in karst areas and provides a scientific basis for formulating targeted vegetation recovery strategies according to regional rock-soil structure characteristics,to raise

关 键 词：喀斯特 NDVI 植被恢复 石漠化 岩性 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]