喀斯特地质背景土壤中锑的形态提取方法对比研究  

Comparative Study on the Extraction Methods of Antimony Fractions in Karst Geological Soils

作　　者：李柏樟 吴攀[1,2] 李玲 李学先 李启航 陈月忠 卜楚洁 LI Bozhang;WU Pan;LI Ling;LI Xuexian;LI Qihang;CHEN Yuezhong;BU Chujie(College of Resource and Environmental Engineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment,Ministry of Education,Guiyang 550025,China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry,Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guiyang 550081,China;Academy of Agriculture,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵阳550025 [2]喀斯特地质资源与环境教育部重点实验室,贵阳550025 [3]中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室,贵阳550081 [4]贵州大学农学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《地球与环境》2025年第1期123-132,共10页Earth and Environment

基　　金：贵州省科学技术厅国家重点研发计划后补助项目;贵州省科学技术厅重点基金项目(黔科合基础[2020]1Z040号)。

摘　　要：锑(Sb)是一种有害元素,但Sb及其化合物在人们生产生活中有着广泛用途。作为世界产锑大国,我国大规模开采锑矿资源导致锑污染已成为典型环境问题。大多数已开采的锑矿区位于我国西南喀斯特地区,其赋矿围岩以碳酸盐岩为主,周边土壤通常含有高含量的Sb,Sb的生物有效态含量往往比其总量更能反映其危害性。因此,在合理评估碳酸盐岩地质背景中土壤Sb的生态风险时,应充分结合地质背景类型与Sb的地球化学性质,准确辨识生物有效态Sb的含量。本研究采用3种不同的Sb形态提取方法,分别为Shiowatana、BCR和Wenzel法,对喀斯特地区锑矿场地4种不同Sb浓度梯度的土壤样品进行了Sb形态分析,并比较了这3种顺序提取得到的等效组分,包括有效态组分、铁锰结合态组分和残渣态组分。结果表明:Shiowatana方法从4件供试土壤中提取的Sb有效态组分明显高于Wenzel方法和BCR方法。主要原因是本研究区域位于西南喀斯特地区,碳酸钙含量较高。Shiowatana方法不仅能提取水溶性和交换性Sb组分,还能独立提取碳酸盐结合态Sb,且其对所有样品提取后的回收率最高以及其用的提取剂对土壤中Sb形态的提取最为完全。因此本研究认为Shiowatana方法最适合用于碳酸盐岩地质背景的土壤中Sb的形态提取。Antimony(Sb)is a harmful element.Sb and its compounds have a wide range of applications in people′s production and daily life.As a major producer of antimony in the world,China′s extensive mining of antimony resources has led to antimony pollution,which has become a typical environmental problem in China.Most of the mined antimony mining areas are located in the karst areas of southwestern China,with carbonate rocks as the main host rock.The soil around the antimony mining areas often contains a relatively high content of Sb,and the bioavailable content of Sb often reflects its harmfulness more than its total amount.Therefore,a reasonable evaluation of the ecological risk of Sb in carbonate geological background soil should fully combine its geological background type with the geochemical properties of Sb,in order to accurately identify the content of bioavailable Sb.In this study,Shiowatana,improved BCR,Wenzel and other three speciation extraction methods were used to analyze the Sb fractions of four different Sb concentration gradients in soil at a certain antimony mine site in karst areas.The three equivalent components(available fraction,iron-manganese bound fraction,and residual fraction)extracted by sequential extraction technique were compared.The results showed that the Shiowatana method significantly higher than the Wenzel method and BCR method in extracting available Sb fraction from the four tested soils.The main reason is that the study area is located in the southwestern karst region,with a high content of calcium carbonate.Shiowatana sequential extraction procedure can not only extract water-soluble and exchangeable Sb components,but also independently extract carbonate bound Sb.Therefore,it has the highest recovery rate for all samples after extraction,as well as the most complete extraction of Sb forms in soil using the extraction agent.Therefore,this study believes that the Shiowatana method is most suitable for extracting the fractions of Sb in soils with carbonate geological backgrounds.

关 键 词：锑 喀斯特地区 形态 顺序提取 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]