煤炭开采地球关键带响应及减损开采技术体系  

Geological support for response and damage reduction in the Earth's critical zone under coal mining

作　　者：王双明 孙强[1,2,3] 耿济世 袁士豪[2] 贾海梁 王生全 张卫强[5] 胡建军 李得路[1,2,3] WANG Shuangming;SUN Qiang;GENG Jishi;YUAN Shihao;JIA Hailiang;WANG Shengquan;ZHANG Weiqiang;HU Jianjun;LI Delu(Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Geological Support for Coal Green Exploitation,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,Shaanxi,China;College of Geology and Environment,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,Shaanxi,China;Geological Research Institute for Coal Green Mining,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,Shaanxi,China;College of Architecture and Civil Engineering,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,Shaanxi,China;School of Resources and Geosciences,China University of Mining and Technology,Jiangsu 221116,Xuzhou,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Sciences and Geothermal Energy Exploitation and Utilization,Institute of Deep Earth Sciences and Green Energy,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省煤炭绿色开发地质保障重点实验室,陕西西安710054 [2]西安科技大学地质与环境学院,陕西西安710054 [3]西安科技大学煤炭绿色开采地质研究院,陕西西安710054 [4]西安科技大学建筑与土木工程学院,陕西西安710054 [5]中国矿业大学资源与地球科学学院,江苏徐州221116 [6]深圳大学深地科学与绿色能源研究院,广东省深地科学与地热能开发利用重点实验室,广东深圳518060

出　　处：《中国地质》2025年第1期1-21,共21页Geology in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42330808);陕西省“两链”融合重点专项(2023-LL-QY-05);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2024JC-YBQN-0289);陕西省博士后科研项目(2023BSHEDZZ304)联合资助。

摘　　要：【研究目的】破解能源安全兜底保障和生态环境保护的矛盾是当前生态脆弱区煤炭资源开发面临重大难题。煤炭资源大规模、高强度的开采在引起地质条件快速变化的同时,也影响着矿区地球关键带结构和功能。地球关键带是指从地下水底部或者土壤−岩石交界面一直向上延伸至植被冠层顶部的连续体域。【研究方法】围绕如何理解地球关键带运行与煤炭开发地质条件演化的关系,基于煤炭采动地质条件解析与关键带响应阐明了煤炭开采影响区地球关键带的响应模式、监控技术、预测方法和保障策略及减损工程。立足“煤炭资源开采地质条件演化与地球关键带保护”,从关键带对煤炭开发响应的科学内涵、科学问题、研究思路和保障方案四个方面,系统剖析了煤炭开发地球关键带减损保障的理论与技术。【研究结果】关键带对煤炭开采响应研究思路主线是“煤炭采前地质条件和关键带结构及要素→地质条件变化和关键带响应模式及演化状态判识→全时空主被动多源信息响应及动态监控→关键带结构−功能动态演化模型及智能预测评价→关键带减损地质保障策略及修复−重构一体化技术方法”。研究内容包括:(1)查明煤炭赋存的地质结构、水文地质、岩层组合、地应力等开采地质条件因素综合特征,揭示地球关键带和下部煤层、岩层及地下水的空间关系特征,进行对关键带多要素、多模态、多场景的精细表征,形成包括环境承载力指标体系、评价模型和承载力分区在内的快速查询、智能分析数字化平台;(2)解析开采影响下岩(土)层裂隙场与关键带水文循环的连通关系,揭示地质条件和关键带的协同演化机制,提出地球关键带对煤炭开发响应模式的判识方法;(3)研究开采因素下岩层结构、裂隙网络、渗流通道、应力−能量集中特征、物质循环、能[Objective]Cracking the contradiction between energy security and ecological environment protection is a major challenge for the development of coal resources in ecologically fragile areas.The large-scale and intensive extraction of coal resources not only triggers rapid changes in geological conditions but also impacts the structure and function of the Earth's critical zone in mining areas.The Earth's critical zone refers to a continuous domain that extends upwards from the bottom of groundwater or soil rock interface to the top of vegetation canopy.[Methods]Focusing on how to understand the relationship between the operation of the Earth's critical zone and the evolution of geological conditions for coal development,based on the analysis of coal mining geological conditions and the response of the Earth's critical zone,this paper elucidates the response mode,monitoring technology,prediction methods,guarantee strategies,and loss reduction work of the Earth's critical zone in coal mining affected areas.Based on the evolution of geological conditions for coal resource extraction and the protection of the Earth's critical zone,this paper systematically analyzes the theory and technology of reducing losses and ensuring coal development in the Earth's critical zone from four aspects:Scientific connotation,scientific problems,research ideas,and guarantee plans.[Results]The overall approach of the research on the response of the Earth's critical zone to coal mining is structured as"Pre-mining geological conditions and key zone structures and elements→Geological condition changes and the Earth's critical zone response modes and evolution status identification→Full time and space active and passive multi-source information response and dynamic monitoring→The Earth's critical zone structure functional dynamic evolution model and intelligent prediction evaluation→The Earth's critical zone loss reduction geological guarantee strategy and restoration reconstruction integrated technical method".The research content in

关 键 词：煤炭 地球关键带 开采地质条件 响应模式 多场信息 综合开发利用 矿产勘查工程 

分 类 号：TD82[矿业工程—煤矿开采]