钻爆法施工隧道粉尘迁移规律现场测试与风筒布置优化研究  

Field Testing and Optimization of Air Duct Layout for Dust Migration Pattern in Tunnel Construction Using the Drilling and Blasting Method

作　　者：宋竹兵 梁育浩 王润豪 周阳 SONG Zhubing;LIANG Yuhao;WANG Runhao;ZHOU Yang(Shanxi Road and Bridge Qingyin Erguang Expressway Taiyuan Contact Line Co Ltd,Jinzhong 045400,China;College of Highway,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710064,China)

机构地区：[1]山西路桥青银二广高速公路太原联络线有限公司,山西晋中045400 [2]长安大学公路学院,陕西西安710064

出　　处：《土木工程与管理学报》2025年第1期34-40,共7页Journal of Civil Engineering and Management

基　　金：山西交通控股集团有限公司科技项目(2019-JKKJ-41)。

摘　　要：钻爆法施工过程中产生大量可吸入粉尘,导致施工人员尘肺病高发。为解决隧道施工中粉尘浓度高和抑尘效果不佳的问题,本研究通过粉尘浓度测定与数值模拟分析,探讨了粉尘迁移规律及风筒布置优化措施。研究结果表明,不同施工工序产尘量存在差异,各施工工序产尘量依次为:喷浆>出碴>立架挂网>钻孔>装药至爆破前。喷浆工序中,粉尘浓度在6~18 mg/m^(3)间波动;出碴工序中,装载机作业10 min后粉尘浓度降至4 mg/m^(3);立架挂网工序初期粉尘浓度稳定,后期因作业交替波动,但未超1.5 mg/m^(3);钻孔工序粉尘浓度维持在0.5~2 mg/m^(3),符合安全标准;爆破后粉尘浓度瞬间升至接近12 mg/m^(3)。数值模拟发现,风筒出风口高于台阶高程线时通风效率更优。本研究提出的优化布局与抑尘措施可有效降低隧道粉尘浓度,提升施工环境安全性。The drilling and Blasting method generates a significant amount of respirable dust during construction,leading to a high incidence of pneumoconiosis among workers.To address the issues of high dust concentrations and ineffective dust suppression in tunnel construction,this study analyzed dust migration patterns and optimized ventilation duct layouts through dust concentration measurement and numerical simulation analysis.The results show that dust generation varies across construction procedures,ranked as follows:shotcreting>muck removal>frame erection and mesh installation>drilling>charging to blasting.During shotcreting,dust concentrations fluctuate between 6-18 mg/m^(3);during muck removal,concentration drops to 4 mg/m^(3)after 10 minutes of loader operation;for frame erection and mesh installation,concentration remains stable initially and later fluctuate but do not exceed 1.5 mg/m^(3);during drilling,concentration remains between 0.5-2 mg/m^(3),meeting safety standards.However,post-blasting,dust concentration spikes to nearly 12 mg/m^(3).Numerical simulations indicate that ventilation efficiency improves when the duct outlet is positioned above the platform elevation.The proposed optimized layout and dust suppression measures effectively reduce dust concentrations in tunnel,enhancing the safety of the construction environment.

关 键 词：隧道工程 风筒布置 数值模拟 施工粉尘 

分 类 号：TU456[建筑科学—岩土工程]