大孔径介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子研究进展  

Research progress on large‐pore mesoporous silica nanoparticles

作　　者：王伟[1] 孙浩东 孙蕊[1] WANG Wei;SUN Haodong;SUN Rui(Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials(Ministry of Education),School of Material Science and Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China)

机构地区：[1]东北大学材料各向异性与织构教育部重点实验室,材料科学与工程学院,辽宁沈阳110819

出　　处：《中国粉体技术》2025年第2期31-48,共18页China Powder Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目,编号:2017YFB0310300;辽宁省“兴辽英才”计划项目,编号:XLYC1807015。

摘　　要：【目的】总结大孔径介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子(large-pore mesoporous silica nanoparticles,LPMSNs)的相关研究,探讨LPMSNs在吸附、催化和负载等领域的应用,推动创新开发。【研究现状】综述直接法和后处理法等合成LPMSNs的方法,直接法包括复合模板法、高分子有机模板剂法、有机膨胀剂法;概括在吸附领域、在负载领域、在催化领域的应用。【结论与展望】提出直接法较为依赖有机试剂的使用,采用较为环保的添加剂改进后处理法,有利于克服该情况;后处理法制备须要考虑降低生产成本,利用二氧化硅硅源和有机模板简化合成程序;后处理法须要将后处理过程和目标应用统一考虑。认为中空型、多级孔型LPMSNs的开发与应用是此领域的一个热点;无模板法可以有利于降低成本;开发可生物降解的模板或引用无机试剂代替有机试剂可实现绿色制备LPMSNs;低成本和规模化制备是LPMSNs及传统MSNs走向应用的关键。Significance Since the pioneering work in 2001 on the synthesis of mesoporous silica nanoparticles(MSNs)by employing a modified cationic surfactant templating route under suitable conditions,such as dilute solution and high temperatures,MSNs have attracted significant attention due to their tunable particle sizes,morphologies,misstructures,high surface areas,hydro-philic and easily functionalized surfaces,and biocompatibility.These structural or morphological properties have made MSNs appealing for diverse applications,including drug delivery,imaging,catalysis,and sensing.In biomedical areas,monodis-perse MSNs in the 50~200 nm size range with large mesopores are especially desirable,as these facilitate cell uptake and bio-molecule encapsulation.In addition,the accessible internal surface area and pore volume resulting from interconnected pores would be especially advantageous for these applications.Large-pore MSNs(LPMSNs),characterized by nano-scale particle sizes,large mesopores,and high surface areas,have attracted tremendous scientific and technological interest due to their high potential in adsorption,catalysis,and support systems.The review focuses on the research progress of LPMSNs,especially on synthesis techniques and mechanisms for achieving large mesopores,with the aim of supporting future LPMSNs research and development.Progress LPMSNs with tunable structures(e.g.,ordered,disordered,dendritic)and mesopore sizes(5~50 nm)exhibit prop-erties suitable for various applications,such as high adsorption capacity,high catalytic efficiency,and enhanced mass transfer.So far,several methods have been developed to prepare LPMSNs,using composite templates,high molecular weight organic templates,or organic pore-swelling agents,through direct or post-synthetic approaches.Although these methods produce desir-able structures,they also have drawbacks.For example,multiple templates can produce ordered mesostructures with tunable large mesopores,but they often rely on specialized or expensive templates,which might impede

关 键 词：大孔径 介孔二氧化硅 纳米粒子 后处理法 直接法 

分 类 号：TB4[一般工业技术] TQ324.8[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]