不同通风方式对室内气溶胶传播特性的影响  

Impact of different ventilation methods on transmission characteristics of indoor aerosols

作　　者：胡明皓 郭猛 王康 乐斌 杨伟强 李航 黄晓炜 相文峰[1] HU Minghao;GUO Meng;WANG Kang;YUE Bin;YANG Weiqiang;LI Hang;HUANG Xiaowei;XIANG Wenfeng(College of New Energy and Materials,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China;School of Science,Guilin University of Aerospace Technology,Guilin 541004,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)新能源与材料学院,北京102249 [2]桂林航天工业学院理学院,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《中国粉体技术》2025年第2期173-183,共11页China Powder Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目,编号:62075245。

摘　　要：【目的】探究室内致病气溶胶在不同通风策略下的传播特性。【方法】在超净实验室内,采用超声雾化技术释放二氧化硅气溶胶,以模拟致病性气溶胶在室内空间的污染扩散过程;通过分布式空气质量传感器监测并记录在不同通风模式下气溶胶随时间的扩散过程。【结果】在无通风环境中,气溶胶传播速度缓慢且浓度呈正态分布;地板送风模式能加速气溶胶的传播速度,复杂气流导致室内气溶胶浓度激增;在垂直层流通风环境中,气溶胶的传输效率同样高效,在初始阶段,室内气溶胶浓度迅速攀升,但随着时间推移浓度逐渐降低,最终趋于0;此外,室内障碍物不仅减缓气溶胶的传播,还显著影响局部气溶胶浓度,显示室内布局优化的重要性。【结论】垂直层流通风方式结合合理房间物品布局,能有效降低室内气溶胶浓度,减少疾病传播风险。Objective To investigate the transmission characteristics of indoor pathogenic aerosols under different ventilation strategies.Methods In this study,silica aerosol was used as a safe substitute to simulate indoor pollution.Three ventilation strategies were examined:no ventilation,floor ventilation,and vertical laminar flow ventilation.The experiments were conducted in a con-trolled ultra-clean laboratory,where silica aerosols were released,and real-time monitoring of aerosol concentration and dynamic changes was carried out using a high-precision air quality sensor network.Results and Discussion The data under no ventilation revealed the complex mechanisms and dynamic changes of aerosol trans-mission,detailing the release,indoor diffusion,and eventual saturation of aerosols.By analyzing three key parameters,i.e.,initial detection time,saturation time,and saturation concentration,the study explored aerosol transmission characteristics and spatial distribution.The data showed that the transmission speed from near to mid-range was approximately 1.81 times faster than from mid-range to far-range,highlighting the decay of transmission speed with increasing distance.The presence of obstacles(such as biosafety cabinets)significantly extended the saturation time and increased concentration levels in specific areas.Under floor ventilation conditions,the dynamic changes in aerosol concentration indicated that ventilation significantly accelerated transmission,with the initial detection time reduced to 100~150 seconds and transmission speed increased by 7.86 to 14.2 times.Vertical laminar flow ventilation showed distinct advantages,with the initial detection time reduced to approxi-mately 167 seconds and an average transmission speed increased to 0.03 m/s,significantly higher than in the no-ventilation environment.The average concentration was reduced by about 23%compared to the no-ventilation environment,indicating that the top-to-bottom airflow pattern accelerated particle deposition.Vertical laminar flow ventilation effe

关 键 词：室内环境 通风方式 气溶胶 呼吸道传染病 

分 类 号：TB4[一般工业技术] TU831.8[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程]