亚热带同质园不同树种林分地表蚂蚁群落结构和多样性比较  

Comparison of Ground-Dwelling Ant Community Structure and Diversity among Different Tree Species in a Subtropical Common Garden

作　　者：邱丹妮 吴福忠 彭清清 张慧玲 温辉辉 王定一 QIU Danni;WU Fuzhong;PENG Qingqing;ZHANG Huiling;WEN Huihui;WANG Dingyi(Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education,School of Geographical Sciences,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China;Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station,Sanming 365002,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学地理科学学院,湿润亚热带生态-地理过程教育部重点实验室,福建福州350117 [2]福建三明森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,福建三明365002

出　　处：《福建师范大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期133-140,共8页Journal of Fujian Normal University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32171641);福建省自然科学基金项目(2023J01515)。

摘　　要：亚热带森林地表数量庞大的蚂蚁群落在森林生态系统物质循环等关键生态过程中具有重要作用,而丰富多样的树种林分可能通过凋落物基质和微环境条件影响其群落结构。以亚热带同质园8个树种为研究对象,于2022年8月的生长季节原位调查不同树种林分地表蚂蚁的群落结构组成、分类学类群、功能类群及其调控因子。捕获蚂蚁共35359头,隶属4亚科18属29种,包含25个已知种和4个待鉴定种,优势种为宽结大头蚁(Pheidole nodus)和黑头酸臭蚁(Tapinoma melanocephalum)。树种林分显著影响了蚂蚁的多度,呈现出杜英>马尾松>杉木>米槠>火力楠>枫香>香叶>木荷的趋势。相较于其他树种,火力楠林分地表蚂蚁Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数明显更高。树种林分也显著改变了蚂蚁群落的功能类群,木荷林分地表杂食性和捕食性蚂蚁多度最低,杉木林分地表捕食性蚂蚁总多度最大,其他树种林分地表蚂蚁功能类群多度分布较均匀。植食性蚂蚁仅在木荷、火力楠和杉木林分地表捕获到,且以火力楠林中多度最高,杉木林最低。冗余分析显示,凋落物钾含量、碳含量、土壤有机质与养分含量是调控蚂蚁群落结构的关键因素。The large population of ground-dwelling ant communities in subtropical forests plays an important role in key ecological processes such as material cycling within forest ecosystems,while tree species diversity may affect their community structure through variations in litter substrates and microenvironmental conditions.This study investigated the structural composition,taxonomic groups,functional groups,and regulatory factors of ground-dwelling ant communities in situ under eight tree species in a subtropical common garden during the growing season in August 2022.A total of 35359 ants were captured,belonging to 4 subfamilies,18 genera,and 29 species,including 25 known species and 4 yet-to-be-identified species.The dominant species were Pheidole nodus and Tapinoma melanocephalum.Tree species significantly affected ant abundance,following a trend of Elaeocarpus decipiens>Pinus massoniana>Cunninghamia lanceolata>Castanopsis carlesii>Michelia macclurei>Liquidambar formosana>Lindera communis>Schima superba.Notably,among all tree species,the Michelia macclurei stand exhibited the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Margalef richness index for ground-dwelling ants.Tree species also significantly influenced ant functional groups,with Schima superba exhibiting the lowest abundance of omnivorous and predatory ants,while Cunninghamia lanceolata had the highest abundance of predatory ants.The distribution of functional groups was more balanced among the other tree species.Phytophagous ants were only captured in the Schima superba,Michelia macclurei,and Castanopsis carlesii stands,with the highest abundance under Michelia macclurei and the lowest under Castanopsis carlesii.Redundancy analysis showed that potassium and carbon content in litter,as well as soil organic matter and nutrient levels,were key factors regulating ant community structure.

关 键 词：同质园 树种 林分 蚂蚁 功能类群 多样性 凋落物 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]