合同确定无效后返还请求权基础研究  

Research on the Right to Request Return after the Contract is Determined to be Invalid

作　　者：冉克平[1] 霍春鑫 RAN Ke-ping;HUO Chun-xin

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院,湖北武汉430072 [2]武汉大学民商事法律科学研究中心

出　　处：《华侨大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第1期91-102,共12页Journal of Huaqiao University(Philosophy & Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“健全社会信用体系和监管制度的法治保障研究”(24JDA018)。

摘　　要：《民法典》第157条应当作为处理合同不成立、无效、被撤销或者确定不发生效力后返还纠纷的独立请求权基础。以原物返还和不当得利返还规则来处理返还纠纷存在诸多不足,统一多层次返还规则更具优势。司法实践中,绝大多数法院已将《民法典》第157条作为请求权基础来运用;财产返还的性质应以返还客体的不同而区分为物权请求权或债权请求权;折价补偿是类似合同的债权请求权,并非不当得利。在适用《民法典》第157条时,财产返还和折价补偿可由双方当事人意思自治选择适用顺序,孳息返还应在财产返还阶段完成;折价补偿时绝对地采取主观标准或客观标准都不合适;损害赔偿作为缔约过失责任,其适用空间并不狭小。Article 157 of the Civil Code shall serve as an independent basis for the right to claim the return of disputes after a contract is not established,invalid,revoked,or determined to be ineffective.There are many deficiencies in handling return disputes based on the norms of returning the original goods and unjust enrichment,and a unified multi-level return rule is more advantageous.In judicial practice,the vast majority of courts have used Article 157 of the Civil Code as the basis for the right of claiming;The nature of property return should be distinguished into the right to claim property rights and the right to claim creditor’s rights according to the different objects of return;Discount compensation is a debt claim similar to a contract,not an unjust enrichment.When Article 157 of the Civil Code is applied,the order of property return and discount compensation can be chosen by both parties,and the return of interest should be completed during the property return stage.It is not appropriate to adopt subjective or objective criteria for discount compensation.As a liability for contractual negligence,the scope for the application of damages is not narrow.

关 键 词：合同确定无效 《民法典》第157条 财产返还 折价补偿 不当得利 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学]