工厂内部的分工“无辜”吗?——西方马克思主义对工厂内部分工理论的发展  

Is the Division of Labor Within the Factory"Innocent"?——The Development of the Theory of Division of Labor Within the Factory by Western Marxism

作　　者：吴易浩 Wu Yihao(Department of Philosophy,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学哲学系,北京100871

出　　处：《河北经贸大学学报》2025年第2期13-20,共8页Journal of Hebei University of Economics and Business

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目“《资本论》与马克思‘合理形态’辩证法研究”(22XKS012)。

摘　　要：在扬弃斯密分工观的基础上,马克思将分工进一步区分为“社会内部的分工”和“工厂内部的分工”。工厂内部的分工实际上又分为“劳动分工”和“劳动者分工”两个维度。马克思认为与生产力有关的“劳动分工”是中性的,而“劳动者分工”更多是资本增殖逻辑带来的恶果,因此工厂内部的分工与资本剥削无关,对于资本主义的罪恶而言是“无辜”的。以卢卡奇、阿尔都塞和布雷弗曼为代表的西方马克思主义者就此展开理论探索。卢卡奇最先从哲学角度质疑工厂内部的分工的“无辜性”。阿尔都塞通过对生产力和生产关系的讨论,论述了劳动分工本质上服务于资本剥削关系,明确指出其不“无辜”,应当批判。布雷弗曼则跳出哲学视域,用经济史的实证研究确认了阿尔都塞的有关结论。西方马克思主义者的相关研究对国内学界具有启发意义,有助于对马克思分工理论的深入理解和探讨。Based on the sublation of Smith's view of division of labor,Marx distinguished between"division of labor within society"and"division of labor within the factory".The latter can be further divided into two dimensions:"division of labor"and"division of laborers".Marx argued that the"division of labor"linked to the force of production is neutral,and the logic of capital brings about the evil outcome of"division of laborers".The division of labor within the factory is therefore irrelevant to the capital exploitation,and"innocent"of the guilty of capitalism.Western Marxists,represented by Lukács,Althusser,and Braverman,began their theoretical exploration in this regard.Lukács was the first to question the"innocence"of the division of labor within the factory from a philosophical point of view.Althusser,through his discussion of the force of production and the relation of production,argued that the division of labor essentially serves the exploitation and clearly pointed out that it is not"innocent"and should be criticized.Braverman went beyond philosophy and confirmed Althusser's conclusion with an empirical study of economic history.The relevant research of western Marxists is instructive to the Chinese academia,which is helpful to the in-depth understanding and discussion of Marx's theory of division of labor.

关 键 词：劳动分工 劳动者分工 工厂 西方马克思主义 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] F091[经济管理—政治经济学]