恩格斯自然辩证法的客观规范性诉求及其遗留问题  

The Objective Standardability Demands of Engels Dialectics of Nature and Its Remaining Problems

作　　者：王荣江 范文萱 WANG Rongjiang;FAN Wenxuan(School of Marxism,Nanjing University Of Finance&Economics,Nanjing 210023,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京财经大学马克思主义学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《淮阴师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期109-116,215,共9页Journal of Huaiyin Teachers College(philolophy and social sciences Edition)

摘　　要：辩证法是一种认识和把握世界的思维方式。西方除了早期自然哲学家试图从认识对象固有本原的客观规范性来认识和把握对象外,更多的哲学家试图从主体思维的规定性及其对对象的规范来认识对象和世界。巴门尼德的“思维与存在同一”是后者的倡导者和主要代表,并逐步形成西方哲学后来发展的主流:主体的主观思维辩证法。恩格斯自然辩证法以近代自然科学研究及其成果所展现的事物固有联系和相互作用关系来表征外部世界的真理性及其发展规律,其关键点是强调事物内部要素或事物之间固有联系和相互作用所展现的客观固有的辩证发展性质。唯物辩证法的三大规律都是从事物固有的客观规范性来解释自然界的辩证法的,只要抓住这一客观规范性诉求,就可规避认识论中的诡辩论和相对主义倾向。实际上,恩格斯试图通过自然科学及其成果将认识规定为对事物内部要素或事物之间的固有联系及其相互作用的方面来解决认识的真理性和规律性问题,因而是一种借助自然科学研究及其成果的唯物主义的新的积极尝试。但是,这种客观规范性诉求和探索并不一定能通过自然科学研究及其成果得到明确的回答和确认(科学哲学中各种学派的发展恰恰彰显了这个问题),它还是要面对主观的思维辩证法的规范性问题。Dialectics is a way of thinking for understanding and grasping the world.In addition to early natural philosophers attempting to understand and grasp objects from the objective standardability of their inherent origins,more philosophers in the west had attempted to understand objects and the world from the standardability of subjective thinking and its norms towards objects.The"unity of thought and existence"of Parmenides was the advocate and main representative of the latter and had gradually formed the mainstream of western philosophy s later development:the dialectical subjective thinking of the subject.Engels dialectics of nature characterizes the truth and development laws of the external world through the inherent connections and interactions of things demonstrated by modern natural science research and its achievements,and its key point is to emphasize the objective inherent dialectical development nature of the inherent connections and interactions among internal elements or things.The three major laws of dialectical materialism explain the dialectics of nature from the inherent objective standardability of things.As long as we grasp this objective standardability demand,we can avoid the sophistry and relativism tendencies in epistemology.In fact,Engels attempted to take natural science and its achievements to define knowledge as the inherent connections and interactions among the internal elements of things or things so as to solve the problems of truth and regularity in knowledge.Therefore,it was a new positive attempt of materialism via utilizing natural science research and its achievements.However,this objective normative demand and exploration may not necessarily be clearly answered and confirmed through natural science research and its results(as exactly demonstrated by the development of various schools of thought in philosophy of science),and it still has to face the normative problem of subjective dialectical thinking.

关 键 词：恩格斯 自然辩证法 客观规范性 思维规范性 相对主义 遗留问题 

分 类 号：B0-0[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] A81[哲学宗教—哲学理论]