营养投入与人力资本积累:来自农村义务教育学生营养改善计划的证据  

Nutrition Input and Human Capital Accumulation:Evidence from the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students

作　　者：焦银亿 张正平 JIAO Yinyi;ZHANG Zhengping

机构地区：[1]山东大学经济研究院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《济南大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期163-174,192,共13页Journal of University of Jinan:Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“中国基础教育资源的空间错配及其优化研究”(项目编号:72374126)。

摘　　要：通过营养干预缩小生命早期食物供应量差距,保障食物获取权公平性,是促进农村人力资本积累、推动乡村人才振兴的重要手段之一。基于2011年实施的农村义务教育学生营养改善计划并采用队列双重差分识别策略,实证检验并分析了营养干预对个体教育结果的长期影响及其作用机制。研究发现:(1)营养干预使受教育年限增加了0.59年,初中完成率提高了7.7%,对高中和大学的完成率也有一定影响;(2)国家试点县、中西部地区、女性从改善计划中获益更大;(3)改善计划从个体和家庭两个维度改善了学生认知能力和学习行为,提高心理健康水平和体质状况,并助推家庭内部的劳动力再配置和校内校外的教育费用优化。这些研究结果对为推行更大范围、更高质量的营养改善计划提供政策启示。Reducing the food supply gap in early life and ensuring the fairness of food access through nutritional intervention is one of the crucial means to promote the accumulation of rural human capital and the revitalization of rural talents.Drawing on the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students launched in 2011 and adopting the Cohort DID identification strategy,this paper empirically examines and analyzes the long-term impact of nutritional intervention on individual educational outcomes and its underlying mechanism.The findings are as follows:(1)Nutritional intervention led to an increase of 0.59 years in the years of education,and the junior high school completion rate rose by 7.7%.It also had an impact on the high school and university completion rates.(2)Students in national pilot counties,those in the central and western regions,and female students benefited more from the improvement program.(3)The improvement program enhanced students'cognitive abilities and learning behaviors from both individual and family perspectives.It also improved their mental health and physical conditions,and promoted the redistribution of labor within families and the optimization of educational expenditures both inside and outside schools.The results of these studies offer policy implications for promoting a more extensive and higher-quality nutrition improvement program.

关 键 词：营养干预 学生营养改善计划 人力资本积累 农村义务教育 

分 类 号：F061.3[经济管理—政治经济学]