纳米颗粒对铝合金焊接凝固裂纹抑制机理及影响因素的研究进展  

Research Progress on the Inhibition Mechanism and Influencing Factors of Nanoparticles on Solidification Cracks in Aluminum Alloy Welding

作　　者：杨旭 张天理 朱志明[2] 徐连勇[3] 陈赓[4] 杨尚磊 方乃文[5] YANG Xu;ZHANG Tianli;ZHU Zhiming;XU Lianyong;CHEN Geng;YANG Shanglei;FANG Naiwen(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shanghai University of Engineering Science,Shanghai 201620,China;Department of Mechanical Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Zhejiang Hanwei Valve Co.,Ltd.,Lishui 323600,Zhejiang,China;Harbin Welding Institute Co.,Ltd.,Harbin 150028,China)

机构地区：[1]上海工程技术大学材料科学与工程学院,上海201620 [2]清华大学机械工程系,北京100084 [3]天津大学材料科学与工程学院,天津300072 [4]浙江汉威阀门有限公司,浙江丽水323600 [5]哈尔滨焊接研究所有限公司,哈尔滨150028

出　　处：《材料导报》2025年第6期179-188,共10页Materials Reports

基　　金：上海市Ⅲ类高峰学科——材料科学与工程(高能束智能加工与绿色制造)。

摘　　要：近年来,铝合金因其低密度、高比强度、易加工、良好的耐腐蚀性以及优异的导电性和导热性,在制造业中的应用大幅度增加。但是,铝合金的高导热系数和高冷却速度使其在焊接过程中容易出现凝固裂纹,严重影响焊接接头的力学性能。纳米颗粒具有强度高、模量高、热稳定性好等优点,可作为强化材料应用于铝合金焊接中。添加纳米颗粒的铝合金及其焊缝具有细化晶粒、降低焊接热裂纹、强化性能的作用,已被用于航空、航天、汽车、高速动车等高强度铝合金的焊接领域。本文综述了铝合金凝固裂纹的形成机理和影响因素,以及纳米颗粒对铝合金焊接凝固裂纹抑制机理及焊缝组织的影响规律,最后展望了含纳米颗粒铝合金在焊接领域的发展方向。Aluminum alloys are widely used in the manufacturing industry due to their low density,high specific strength,ease of processability,good corrosion resistance,and excellent electrical and thermal conductivity.However,it is easy to produce solidification cracks due to the high thermal conductivity and rapid cooling rate of aluminum alloys in the welding process,which seriously affect the mechanical properties of the welded joints.Nanoparticles(NPs),with the advantages of high strength,high modulus and good thermal stability,can be added as reinforcing materials in aluminum alloys welding process to refine grains,reduce hot welding cracks,and enhance the comprehensive properties.This paper reviews the formation mechanism and influencing factors of aluminum alloy solidification cracks,as well as the influence of NPs on the inhibition mechanism of aluminum alloy welding solidification cracks and weld bead.Finally,the future trends in the development of aluminum alloys containing NPs in the field of welding are pointed out.

关 键 词：铝合金 凝固裂纹 纳米颗粒 微观组织 力学性能 

分 类 号：TG444[金属学及工艺—焊接]