史诗传播的同源异流与眼耳之辨别——以纳西族创世史诗比较研究为中心  

The Same Origin and Different Streams of Epic Dissemination and the Identification of Writing Tradition and Oral Tradition:A Comparative Study of Naxi Creation Epics

作　　者：杨杰宏[1,2] YANG Jie-hong(Institute of Ethnic Literature,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China;College of Literature,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102401,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院民族文学研究所,北京100732 [2]中国社会科学院大学文学院,北京102401

出　　处：《黔南民族师范学院学报》2024年第6期19-29,共11页Journal of Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities

基　　金：中国社会科学院“登峰战略”中国史诗学优势学科项目;中国社会科学院“登峰战略”中国各民族交往交流交融学特色学科项目。

摘　　要：同源异流是史诗传播的普遍现象。因不同民族的人文历史与生存环境不同,其文化体现出复杂多元性特点,对这些特殊性问题研究有利于揭示史诗的内部构成、表现方式,传承特征以及史诗本体、文本类型的发展过程。纳西族不同支系的创世史诗在主人公、神灵谱系、基干情节、创世主题、典型场景等方面存在着文化共性。在文本结构、文本载体、天神角色、情节、场景及人物形象等方面存在着差异性。东巴史诗是在仪式中演述的经籍文本,具有半口传文本特点,因其宗教性、保守性、文字原始性等特点限制了史诗传播;达巴史诗仍保留着口传文本特点,其创编性、程式性、普及性比前者高,但长期受藏传佛教及现代文化冲击而濒临失传。Same origin but different streams are a common phenomenon in the dissemination of epic poetry.Due to the different cultural histories and living environments of different ethnic groups,their cultures reflect complex and diverse characteristics.Studying these special issues is conducive to revealing the internal composition,expression methods,inheritance characteristics,as well as the development process of epic ontology and text types.The creation epics of different branches of the Naxi ethnic group have cultural commonalities in terms of protagonists,divine lineages,basic plot lines,creation themes,and typical scenes.There are differences in text structure,text carrier,celestial characters,plot,scene,and character images.The Dongba epic is a scripture text that is performed during ceremonies and has the characteristics of semi oral transmission.Due to its religious,conservative,and primitive writing,the dissemination of epic is limited,while the Daba epic still retains the characteristics of oral transmission text,with higher creativity,regularity,and popularity than the former,but it is on the brink of extinction due to the long-term impact of Tibetan Buddhism and modern culture.

关 键 词：同源异流 典型场景 基干情节 创世纪 

分 类 号：H257[语言文字—少数民族语言]