小麦穗形态建成和生理特征及外界影响因素的研究进展  

Research Progress on Morphogenesis, Physiological Characteristics, and Its External Influencing Factors in Wheat Spike

作　　者：刘佩瑶 冉莉萍 杨佳庆 王海博 熊飞[1] 余徐润[1] Liu Peiyao;Ran Liping;Yang Jiaqing;Wang Haibo;Xiong Fei;Yu Xurun(College of Bioscience and Biotechnology,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu,China;Guangling College of Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225000,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学生物科学与技术学院,江苏扬州225009 [2]扬州大学广陵学院,江苏扬州225000

出　　处：《作物杂志》2025年第1期1-9,共9页Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31971810,32071999);扬州大学广陵学院院级教改课题(JGYB21001)。

摘　　要：小麦是一种重要的粮食作物,其全球种植面积位居三大粮食作物之首。穗是小麦产量形成的重要器官,其形态建成过程决定着最终的穗粒数和产量,同时该过程也受外界环境因素的影响。穗部的颖壳、穗轴、芒等也具备光合能力,其光合产物对籽粒产量形成有重要贡献。本文从小麦穗的形态结构、生理功能2个方面展开,综述了穗器官的结构、发育过程与影响其发育的外界环境因素,总结分析了穗器官的光合贡献及其对籽粒灌浆和物质充实的影响。同时,围绕穗器官结构和功能的对应关系,讨论了如何合理调控穗分化以促进穗光合能力及穗粒数和粒重的提高,为提升小麦的增产潜力提供参考。Wheat is an important food crop,with its global planting area ranking first among the three major food crops.The final grains per spike and yield are determined by the morphogenesis of the spike,which is a crucial organ for wheat yield formation.At the same time,outside environmental factors also have an impact on this process.The glumes,rachis,and awns of spikes are among the tissues with the ability to photosynthesize,and the results of this process are crucial for the development of grain yield.This article expanded two aspects around morphological structure and physiological function in wheat spike,and it reviewed the structure,development process,and external environmental factors that affect the development of spike organs.It summarized and analyzed the photosynthetic contribution of spike organs and their impact on grain filling and material enrichment.Meanwhile,the corresponding relationship between the structure and function of spike organs were discussed,and reasonable regulation of ear differentiation has been discussed to promote the photosynthetic capacity of spike and increase the number and weight of grains per spike.The results provide reference for enhancing the yield potential of wheat.

关 键 词：小麦 穗 形态建成 光合作用 籽粒 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]