141份国内外小麦种质资源主要性状遗传多样性分析与特异性评价  

Genetic Diversity Analysis and Specificity Evaluation of Main Traits of 141 Wheat Germplasm Resources at Domestic and Foreign

作　　者：颜群翔 庞玉辉[1] 洪壮壮 毕俊鸽 王春平[1] Yan Qunxiang;Pang Yuhui;Hong Zhuangzhuang;Bi Junge;Wang Chunping(College of Agriculture,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471000,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学农学院,河南洛阳471000

出　　处：《作物杂志》2025年第1期26-34,共9页Crops

基　　金：河南省重大科技专项(231100110300);神农种业实验室一流课题(SN01-2022-01)。

摘　　要：为拓宽国内小麦种质资源的遗传背景,提供优异亲本材料,以141份国内外小麦种质资源为试验材料,通过变异分析、遗传多样性分析、聚类分析和灰色关联分析等对15个主要性状进行综合评价。结果表明,农艺性状的变异系数(CV)为6.87%~48.18%,其中穗颈长CV最大,总小穗数最小;6个品质性状的CV为2.55%~23.90%,其中沉降值的CV最大,淀粉最小;遗传多样性指数(H')为1.08~2.09,水分最低,株高最高。聚类分析将141份小麦种质资源分为6个类群,各类群间均具有显著优异的性状。对141份种质资源进行特异性分析可知,中国和墨西哥的材料在7个主要育种性状间无显著差异,其他地区材料相对偏高,美国、欧洲和澳大利亚种质的穗粒数相对较少,美国材料的千粒重最低,其次为加拿大和欧洲材料,加拿大的材料湿面筋含量最高。灰色关联度分析结果表明,CM98、CM26、CM84、CM99和CM24等18个种质资源的综合性状优良,可作为小麦品种农艺和品质性状改良以及新品种选育的优良亲本。To expand the genetic reservoir of wheat and facilitate the availability of superior breeding material in China,this research employed a total of 141 wheat germplasms,encompassing both domestic and foreign cultivars.Fifteen key traits were meticulously examined and assessed through a comprehensive array of analytical techniques,including variation analysis,genetic diversity analysis,cluster analysis,and grey correlation analysis.The findings indicated that the coefficients of variation(CV)for agronomic traits spanned from 6.87%to 48.18%,the CV for length of spike neck was the largest,while the CV for total number of spikelet was the smallest.The CV for the six quality traits ranged from^(2).55%to 23.90%.The CV of sedimentation value was the largest,while the CV of starch content was the smallest.The genetic diversity index(H')ranged from 1.08 to 2.09,with the lowest value observed for moisture content and the highest value observed for plant height.Cluster analysis categorized the 141 wheat germplasms into six groups,each exhibiting significantly outstanding traits.An analysis of specificity was conducted on a total of 141 wheat germplasms,the findings indicated that there were no significant distinctions observed between domestic and Mexican wheat germplasms in terms of seven major breeding traits.However,a relatively large number of differences were observed in other foreign wheat varieties.Furthermore,the wheat varieties from the United States,Europe,and Australia exhibited a relatively low grain number per spike.Additionally,the wheat germplasms from the United States exhibited the lowest 1000-kernel weight,followed by wheat germplasms from Canada and Europe.In comparison to wheat germplasms originating from other nations,Canada wheat germplasms exhibited the highest wet gluten content.Through the application of grey correlation analysis,a total of eighteen elite germplasms,namely CM98,CM26,CM84,CM99,and CM24,were identified.These varieties hold potential for breeders to discern and choose superior accessions

关 键 词：小麦 种质资源 遗传多样性 农艺性状 品质性状 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]