特早熟杂交早稻选育策略及其基因渗入分析  

Breeding Strategy and Introgression Analysis on a Ultra-Early-Maturing Hybrid Rice

作　　者：雷享亮 方军[3] 袁晓泉 李丹 刘诗杰 詹婧昀 黄志华 彭金剑 江绍玫[4] 曾晓春[1] Lei Xiangliang;Fang Jun;Yuan Xiaoquan;Li Dan;Liu Shijie;Zhan Jingyun;Huang Zhihua;Peng Jinjian;Jiang Shaomei;Zeng Xiaochun(College of Agronomy,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330000,Jiangxi,China;Fuzhou Institute of Agricultural Science,Fuzhou 344000,Jiangxi,China;Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Harbin 150081,Heilongjiang,China;College of Statistics and Data Science,Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics,Nanchang 330000,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学农学院,江西南昌330000 [2]抚州市农业科学研究所,江西抚州344000 [3]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所农业技术中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150081 [4]江西财经大学统计与数据科学学院,江西南昌330000

出　　处：《作物杂志》2025年第1期46-53,共8页Crops

基　　金：国家水稻产业技术体系项目(CARS-01-69);江西省重大科技研发专项(20232ACF011001);江西省水稻产业技术体系项目(JXARS-02-08);抚州市科技局青年领军人才项目。

摘　　要：本文提出了利用偏粳型渐渗系与本地主推早稻品种双亲杂交选育的策略,并配制出超早熟高产杂交早稻组合。这在杂交早稻上利用籼粳亚种间杂交优势属首次报道。以湘陵628S(XL628S)和中早39(Zhongzao39)为改良亲本,分别与偏粳型渐渗系进行杂交,后经系统选育方法,培育出不育系Z01S和恢复系R1102。结果表明,Z01S和R1102在长日照、短日照条件下均早抽穗、感温性强。杂交组合CZY1102(Z01S/R1102)表现为分蘖力强、产量高、米质优、耐寒性好、抽穗期早。其播始历期47~73 d,比Zhongzao39在长江中下游双季春播短6.40 d,秋播短11.30 d;其正季种植产量8187.60 kg/hm^(2),比对照Zhongzao39减产不显著。基因渗入分析了Z01S与R1102的粳型比例,分别比其原始亲本提高0.78%和6.34%。以上表明,该选育策略可行,且渐渗粳型血缘能有效克服亚种间生理障碍。This article proposes a new strategy,using local early rice varieties(parents)hybridized with japonica introgression lines,and has created ultra-early-maturing and high-yielding hybrid early rice(HER).This is the first report in HER for utilizing the heterosis genus between indica and japonica subspecies.Using Xiangling 628S(XL628S)and Zhongzao39 as improved parents,hybridized with the japonica rice introgression materials,two lines of male sterile line Z01S and restorer line R1102 were bred through systematic breeding methods.The results showed that,Z01S and R1102 exhibited early heading and strong temperature sensitivity under long day and short day conditions.In addition,the new combination CZY1102(Z01S/R1102)showed strong tillering ability,high yield,excellent rice quality,good cold-tolerance,and early heading.Compared with Zhongzao39,its period of heading date was as short as 47-73 days,which was 6.40 days shorter in spring and 11.30 days shorter in autumn.The actual yield during the main season was 8187.60 kg/ha,which were not significantly reduced compared to Zhongzao39.The proportion of japonica genotypes in Z01S and R1102 were increased by 0.78%and 6.34%,respectively,compared to their original parents.This indicates that the breeding strategy is feasible,and the japonica introgression can effectively overcome physiological barriers among subspecies.

关 键 词：杂交早稻 早抽穗 粳型渐渗 亚种 选育 

分 类 号：S511.31[农业科学—作物学]