增施穗氮肥缓解水稻穗分化期高温伤害的生理机制研究  

Physiological Mechanism of Increased Panicle Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Alleviating High-Temperature Damage during the Rice Panicle Initiation Stage

作　　者：闫娜 谢可冉 高逖 胡秋倩 崔克辉[1] Yan Na;Xie Keran;Gao Ti;Hu Qiuqian;Cui Kehui(National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Tillage in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]作物遗传改良全国重点实验室/农业农村部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《作物杂志》2025年第1期89-98,共10页Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31871541)。

摘　　要：全球气候变暖导致的极端高温天气严重影响水稻生产,幼穗分化期高温影响水稻幼穗发育和颖花育性,进而导致产量下降。本试验在盆栽条件下选取高温抗性品种汕优63(SY63)和高温敏感品种两优培九(LYPJ),在幼穗分化二期设置低穗肥(LN,0.072 g N/kg)、高穗肥(HN,0.144 g N/kg)2个不同穗氮肥施用量和连续15 d的白天高温处理(高温处理白天和夜间平均温度为35.6℃/27.5℃,以29.6℃/26.8℃为对照温度)。结果表明,与对照温度相比,LN和HN处理下高温导致LYPJ产量分别下降36.9%和24.8%,颖花育性分别降低22.8%和8.1%,对SY63产量和颖花育性无显著影响,表明增施穗氮肥显著促进了高温下LYPJ产量形成。增施穗氮肥显著提高了花前穗非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)含量,提高了花后茎鞘NSC向穗的转运量。穗NSC积累量、茎鞘NSC转运量与颖花育性、结实率和产量均呈正相关。因此,高温下增施穗氮肥可能通过促进茎鞘同化物积累与再分配缓解穗分化期高温伤害。The extreme high temperatures caused by global warming seriously affect rice production.The high temperature during the panicle initiation stage impacts the panicle development and spikelet fertility of rice,leading to the yield decline.The high-temperature resistant variety Shanyou 63(SY63)and the high-temperature sensitive variety Liangyoupeijiu(LYPJ)were selected for experiment under potted conditions.Two panicle nitrogen fertilizer application rates(low panicle fertilizer,LN,0.072 g N/kg soil;high panicle fertilizer,HN,0.144 g N/kg soil)were set in the second stage of panicle initiation and subjected to daytime high temperature treatment(The average temperature under control treatment was 29.6℃/26.8℃during the day and night,the high temperature treatment reached 35.6℃/27.5℃)for successive 15 days.The results showed that compared with the control temperature,the high temperature treatment decreased the yield by 36.9%and 24.8%under LN and HN treatments in LYPJ,and spikelet fertility by 22.8%and 8.1%,respectively.There was no significant effect on yield and spikelet fertility in SY63 under high temperature treatment,indicating that increased panicle nitrogen fertilizer application rate significantly promoted the yield formation in LYPJ under high temperature.The increased panicle nitrogen fertilizer application rates increased the concentration of non-structural carbohydrates(NSC)in pre-flowering panicles,and promoted the post-flowering transport of NSC from stems to panicles.The accumulation of panicle NSC and the transport of stem NSC are positively correlated with spikelet fertility,seed-setting rate and yield.Therefore,increasing the panicle nitrogen fertilizer application rates may promote the accumulation and redistribution of assimilates in stems under high temperature,thereby alleviating high-temperature damage during panicle initiation stage.

关 键 词：水稻 穗氮肥 幼穗分化期高温 茎鞘同化物再分配 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]