不同熟期品种间作对玉米生理成熟后籽粒脱水性能和粒重的影响  

Effects of Intercropping of Varieties with Different Maturity Stages on Grain Dehydration Performance and Grain Weight of Maize after Physiological Maturity

作　　者：李泽松 肖珊珊 张翼飞 李桂彬 陆雨欣 刘海晨 陈忠旭 Li Zesong;Xiao Shanshan;Zhang Yifei;Li Guibin;Lu Yuxin;Liu Haichen;Chen Zhongxu(College of Agronomy,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University/Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement,Daqing 163319,Heilongjiang,China;Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeast Plain,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Daqing 163319,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院/黑龙江省现代农业栽培技术与作物种质改良重点实验室,黑龙江大庆163319 [2]农业农村部东北平原农业绿色低碳重点实验室,黑龙江大庆163319

出　　处：《作物杂志》2025年第1期99-110,共12页Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2301701);黑龙江省应用技术研究与开发计划(GA20B102);黑龙江省普通高等学校青年创新人才培养计划项目(UNPYSCT-2020037);黑龙江省博士后面上经费资助(LBH-Z19196);黑龙江八一农垦大学研究生创新科研项目(NXYYJSCX2022-Y09)。

摘　　要：以不同熟期玉米品种郑单958(ZD958)、先玉335(XY335)和东农264(DN264)为试验材料,主处理设置为生育期短品种(DN264)分别与2个生育期长品种(ZD958、XY335)间作,即(Z‖D)和(X‖D);副处理为不同间作行数,即6:6、4:4、2:2、1:1、0:1、1:0,以各品种单作(0:1和1:0)为对照,探究生理成熟后田间站秆脱水期间,不同熟期玉米品种间作模式下籽粒含水率、脱水速率及粒重变化特征。结果表明,随着间作行数的减小,生育期长品种生育期呈现缩短趋势,而生育期短品种呈现延长趋势;生育期长品种籽粒含水率在生理成熟后逐渐降低,籽粒脱水速率加快,达到机收标准所需积温减少,而生育期短品种则呈现相反变化趋势,但与其单作相比差异不显著。2021-2022年Z‖D-(6:6~1:1)和X‖D-(6:6~1:1)含水率较单作降幅达10.08%~17.54%。不同熟期玉米品种间作还可促使长生育期品种粒重增加,在1:1处理下达到最大,而短生育期品种粒重则有降低趋势;相关性分析表明,不同熟期玉米品种百粒重与含水率之间无显著相关关系。田间站秆天数的延长能够有效降低间作复合群体收获期籽粒的平均含水率,且对粒重无明显影响。In order to examine the characteristics of changes in grain moisture content,dehydration rate,and grain weight of maize varieties with different maturity stages in intercropping patterns during the period of dewatering of stalks in field after physiological maturity,three different varieties of maize were used as experimental materials:Zhengdan 958(ZD958),Xianyu 335(XY335),and Dongnong 264(DN264).The main treatment involved intercropping a shorter growth period variety(DN264)with two longer growth varieties(ZD958 and XY335),namely(Z‖D)and(X‖D).The subtreatments were different numbers of rows of intercropping,namely 6:6,4:4,2:2,1:1,0:1,and 1:0,with the monocrops of each variety(0:1,1:0)as control treatments.The results showed that with the decreasing of the number of intercropped rows,the fertility period of varieties with long fertility periods showed a tendency to shorten,while the fertility period of varieties with short fertility periods showed a tendency to lengthen;the moisture contents of grains after physiological maturity of varieties with longer growth period gradually decreased,the dehydration rate of grains accelerated,and the cumulative temperature required to reach the standard of machine harvesting was reduced,while the varieties with shorter growth period showed the opposite trend,but differences was no significant compared with that of their monocropping.From^(2)021 to 2022,the average grain moisture content of Z‖D-(6:6-1:1)and X‖D-(6:6-1:1)decreased by 10.08%-17.54%compared with that of single cropping.The intercropping of maize varieties with different maturity could also increase the grain weight of the varieties with long maturity and reach the maximum under 1:1 treatment,while the grain weight of the varieties with short maturity had a tendency to decrease;the correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between the 100-grain weight of the maize varieties with different maturity and the moisture content.The extension of the number of days with standing stalks

关 键 词：玉米 不同熟期品种 间作 脱水性能 粒重 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]