江淮中部播期对夏玉米产量与灌浆特性的影响  

Effects of Sowing Dates on Yield and Filling Characteristics of Summer Maize in the Central Yangtze-Huaihe Region

作　　者：储昭康 王世济[2] 毕健健 张林[2] 彭晨 陈翔[1] 武文明[2] Chu Zhaokang;Wang Shiji;Bi Jianjian;Zhang Lin;Peng Chen;Chen Xiang;Wu Wenming(School of Agronomy,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,Anhui,China;Crop Research Institute,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hefei 230001,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学农学院,安徽合肥230036 [2]安徽省农业科学院作物研究所,安徽合肥230001

出　　处：《作物杂志》2025年第1期117-122,共6页Crops

基　　金：安徽省农业科学院人才计划项目(QNYC-202116);安徽省重点研究与开发计划项目(202204c06020007)。

摘　　要：以夏玉米品种庐玉9105为供试材料,设置6月5日、6月15日、6月25日和7月5日4个播期,研究不同播期对玉米产量与籽粒灌浆特性的影响。结果表明,播期每推迟10 d,播种到吐丝期平均缩短3.3 d,吐丝期到生理成熟期平均延长5.4 d。播期显著影响玉米产量,2年中6月5日和6月15日播期产量和穗粒数显著高于其他播期,其中6月15日平均产量最高;百粒重表现为6月25日播期最大。灌浆特性分析表明,播期推迟,灌浆持续期延长,平均灌浆速率先升高后降低,最大灌浆速率出现的时间提前。玉米产量与穗粒数和百粒重呈显著正相关,穗粒数对产量贡献率为56.1%;随播期推迟,百粒重增大的趋势不能弥补穗粒数降低导致的产量降低,穗粒数降低为产量下降的主要原因。综上,江淮中部夏玉米适宜播期为6月15日以前。Field experiments were carried out to clarify the effects of sowing dates on the yield and grain-filling characteristics of the summer maize cultivar Luyu 9105.Four sowing dates were designed from 5th June to 5th July at 10-day intervals.The results showed that for every ten days of delayed sowing,the duration from the sowing to the silking stage was shortened by 3.3 days,and the duration from the silking to the physiological maturity stage was extended by 5.4 days.The sowing dates significantly affected yield,the yield and grains per ear of 5th June and 15th June were significantly higher than those of 25th June and 5th July,and the average yield reached the maximum at the sowing date of 15th June,however,the 100-grain weight reached maximum at 25 June.Grain-filling characteristics showed that with the delay of the sowing date,the grain-filling duration increased,and the average grain-filling rate initially increased and then decreased,the occurence time of the maximum grain-filling rate was advanced.The yield was significant positive correlation to grains per ear and 100-grain weight,the contribution rate of grains per ear to yield was 56.1%.With the delay of the sowing date,the increase of 100-grain weight could not compensate for the yield reduction caused by the decrease of grains per ear was the main factor for the yield decline.Consequently,the optimal sowing date for summer maize in the central Yangtze-Huaihe region is before 15th June.

关 键 词：播期 夏玉米 穗粒数 灌浆特性 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]