甘肃不同地理来源大豆品种生育期性状与气象因子及农艺性状的关系  

The Relationship between the Growth Period Traits of Soybean Varieties from Various Regions of Gansu and Meteorological Factors as well as Agronomic Traits

作　　者：杨如萍[1] 贾贞 韦瑛 魏野畴 王立明[1] 陈光荣[1] 张国宏[1] 宋雯雯[5] Yang Ruping;Jia Zhen;Wei Ying;Wei Yechou;Wang Liming;Chen Guangrong;Zhang Guohong;Song Wenwen(Institute of Dryland Agriculture,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;College of Bioengineer and Technology,Tianshui Normal University,Tianshui 741001,Gansu,China;Wuwei Municipal Agriculture Product Quality and Safety Supervision and Management Station,Wuwei 733000,Gansu,China;Jiuquan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Research,Jiuquan 735000,Gansu,China;Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [2]天水师范学院生物工程与技术学院,甘肃天水741001 [3]武威市农产品质量安全监督管理站,甘肃武威733000 [4]酒泉市农业科学研究院,甘肃酒泉735000 [5]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《作物杂志》2025年第1期123-132,共10页Crops

基　　金：甘肃省农业科学院重点研发计划(2021GAAS16,2022GAAS10);国家大豆产业技术体系兰州综合试验站建设项目(CARS04-CES17);西北高油高产大豆配套栽培技术集成及示范(2023ZD0403506)。

摘　　要：以2011-2013年甘肃5个不同生态试验点种植的161份甘肃各地大豆种质资源的生育期相关性状数据为基础,结合2011年大豆生长期的气象数据,分析甘肃不同区域大豆品种生育期相关性状分布特征,明确影响各区域大豆品种生育期性状的关键气象因子,以及农艺性状与生育期性状之间的关系。结果表明,参试材料出苗至生理成熟日数(VE~R7)在75~197 d,随着材料来源地经度东移、纬度降低,大豆VE~R7平均日数及营养生长期(VE~R1)逐渐延长,生殖生长期/营养生长期(R/V)逐渐减小。随着种植地点由北向南,VE~R1均值逐渐缩短,R/V逐渐升高。同一区域育成品种的平均R/V均高于地方品种。汾豆8号等11个品种在多个试点VE~R7基本一致。在气象因素中,除可照时数是影响来自河西地区大豆品种VE~R7长度的最大直接因素外,平均气温>10℃的日数是影响甘肃大豆品种生育期长度的最大直接因素。VE~R7、VE~R1和R1~R7与株高、主茎节数、单株重、底荚高度和有效分枝数均呈正相关关系,但与单株荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重和百粒重的关系各来源区域间并不一致。By examining the maturity-related traits of 161 soybean samples from different parts of Gansu(grown in five ecological pilots in Gansu,2011-2013)and meteorological data during the 2011 soybean growing season,we investigated the distribution characteristics of maturity-related traits,the major climatic factor affecting maturity-related traits,and the relationships between maturity-related traits and agronomic traits in different planting regions in Gansu.The results showed that the distribution of vegetative emergence to beginning maturity duration(VE-R7)days of the samples was 75-197 d.As the sample source area shifted southeastward,the VE-R7 duration days and vegetative growth period(VE-R1)gradually increased,and R/V(the ratio of R to V)gradually decreased.With the southward shift of planting sites,the vegetative growth period gradually decreased,and the R/V gradually increased.In the same region,the average R/V of all breeding varieties were higher than that of local varieties.VE-R7 of 11 varieties such as Fendou 8 had slight data differences in multiple planting sites.Among the meteorological factors,possible sunshine duration was the largest direct factor affecting the VE-R7 duration of soybean varieties in Hexi Corridor,and number of days with average air temperature>10℃was the largest direct factor affecting the maturity-related traits in Gansu.VE-R7,VE-R1 and R1-R7 had positive correlations with plant height,number of main stem nodes,weight per plant,bottom pod height,and number of effective branches,but the relationships with the number of pods per plant,number of seeds per plant,weight of seeds per plant and 100-grain weight were not consistent among regions.

关 键 词：甘肃 大豆 生育期 生态特征 气象因子 农艺性状 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]