秸秆还田与氮肥运筹对寒地水稻光合特性和产量的影响  

Effects of Straw Returning and Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Rice in Cold Region

作　　者：胡聪聪 李红宇 孙显龙 王童 赵海成 范名宇 张巩亮 Hu Congcong;Li Hongyu;Sun Xianlong;Wang Tong;Zhao Haicheng;Fan Mingyu;Zhang Gongliang(College of Agriculture,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University/Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement,Daqing 163319,Heilongjiang,China;Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Daqing 163319,Heilongjiang,China;Qiqihar Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qiqihar 161006,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院/黑龙江省现代农业栽培技术与作物种质改良重点实验室,黑龙江大庆163319 [2]农业农村部东北平原农业绿色低碳重点实验室,黑龙江大庆163319 [3]黑龙江省农业科学院齐齐哈尔分院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006

出　　处：《作物杂志》2025年第1期147-154,共8页Crops

基　　金：中央支持地方高校改革发展资金人才培养项目(2022010006);黑龙江省重点研发计划(GA21B002)。

摘　　要：为明确秸秆还田与氮肥运筹对寒地水稻光合特性、干物质积累及产量的影响,采用两因素完全随机盆栽试验设计,对秸秆离田(S1)、还田(S2)和常规施氮(N1)、分蘖肥增氮15%(N2)、调节肥增氮15%(N3)、穗肥增氮15%(N4)处理的水稻分蘖特性、相对叶绿素含量(SPAD值)、光合特性、叶面积、干物质积累转运和产量进行了研究。结果表明,S2处理对穗数、千粒重和产量产生负作用,使齐穗期和灌浆期叶片SPAD值分别降低了3.27%和2.52%,齐穗期高效叶面积、胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))、净光合速率(P_(n))、干物质积累、茎鞘输出量、输出率和转化率分别显著降低13.51%、4.73%、5.79%、6.05%、26.82%、31.45%和26.05%。N2提高分蘖数和有效分蘖的数量,使增长速率加快,消亡速率减慢,水稻前期良好的氮素供应有利于提高水稻分蘖成穗率。N3使千粒重、产量和干物质积累量增加最多,同时增加了SPAD值和高效叶面积,齐穗期C_(i)、气孔导度、Pn和蒸腾速率表现出相同趋势。S2条件下N4显著降低了茎鞘输出量和茎鞘输出率,S1条件下N2处理使茎鞘输出量、茎鞘输出率和茎鞘转化率都增高。秸秆直接还田时注意水稻生长前中期氮素的供应,是实现秸秆还田条件下寒地水稻高效生产的重要保障。To clarify the effects of straw returning and nitrogen fertilizer management on the photosynthetic characteristics,dry matter accumulation,and yield of rice in cold regions,a two-factor fully randomized pot experiment was designed.The tillering characteristics,relative chlorophyll content(SPAD values),photosynthetic characteristics,leaf area,dry matter accumulation and transport and yield of rice treated with straw leaving the field(S1),straw returning(S2),and conventional nitrogen application(N1),tillering fertilizer nitrogen increase by 15%(N2),regulatory fertilizer nitrogen increase by 15%(N3),and panicle fertilizer nitrogen increase by 15%(N4)were studied.The results showed that:S2 treatment had a negative effect on the number of panicles,1000-grain weight and yield,reducing the leaf SPAD values by 3.27%and 2.52%at the full heading and filling stages,respectively.During the full heading stage,the efficient leaf area,intercellular CO_(2) concentration(C_(i)),net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),dry matter accumulation,stem sheath output,output rate,and transformation rate decreased by 13.51%,4.73%,5.79%,6.05%,26.82%,31.45%,and 26.05%,respectively.N2 treatment increased the number of tillers and the number of effective tillers,so that the growth rate was accelerated and the rate of extinction was slowed down,and good nitrogen supply in the early stage of rice was conducive to the improvement of the rice tiller panicle-forming rate.N3 treatment increased 1000-grain weight,yield and dry matter accumulation the most,as well as increasing SPAD values and effective leaf area,and C_(i),stomatal conductance,Pn and transpiration rate showed the same trend at the full heading stage.N4 treatment significantly reduced stem sheath output and stem sheath output rate under S1 condition and N2 treatment increased stem sheath output,stem sheath output rate and stem sheath transformation rate under S1 condition.Paying attention to the supply of nitrogen in the early and middle stages of rice growth when straw is directly returned to

关 键 词：水稻 秸秆还田 氮肥运筹 光合特性 SPAD值 干物质积累 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]